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      Reemergence of Reston ebolavirus in Cynomolgus Monkeys, the Philippines, 2015

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          Abstract

          In August 2015, a nonhuman primate facility south of Manila, the Philippines, noted unusual deaths of 6 cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis), characterized by generalized rashes, inappetence, or sudden death. We identified Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) infection in monkeys by using serologic and molecular assays. We isolated viruses in tissues from infected monkeys and determined viral genome sequences. RESTV found in the 2015 outbreak is genetically closer to 1 of the 4 RESTVs that caused the 2008 outbreak among swine. Eight macaques, including 2 also infected with RESTV, tested positive for measles. Concurrently, the measles virus was circulating throughout the Philippines, indicating that the infection of the macaques may be a reverse zoonosis. Improved biosecurity measures will minimize the public health risk, as well as limit the introduction of disease and vectors.

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          Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus.

          Roger W. Barrette, Samia A Metwally, Jessica M Rowland … (2009)
          Since the discovery of the Marburg and Ebola species of filovirus, seemingly random, sporadic fatal outbreaks of disease in humans and nonhuman primates have given impetus to identification of host tropisms and potential reservoirs. Domestic swine in the Philippines, experiencing unusually severe outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome, have now been discovered to host Reston ebolavirus (REBOV). Although REBOV is the only member of Filoviridae that has not been associated with disease in humans, its emergence in the human food chain is of concern. REBOV isolates were found to be more divergent from each other than from the original virus isolated in 1989, indicating polyphyletic origins and that REBOV has been circulating since, and possibly before, the initial discovery of REBOV in monkeys.
          Article 0 comments Cited 155 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses.

            Suxiang Tong, Shur-Wern Wang Chern, Yan. Li … (2008)
            We have developed a set of reverse transcription-PCR assays for the detection and identification of known and novel paramyxoviruses in clinical specimens. Primers were designed from the conserved motifs of the polymerase pol gene sequences to detect members of the Paramyxovirinae or Pneumovirinae subfamily or groups of genera within the Paramyxovirinae subfamily. The consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer design and seminested or nested PCR assay design were used to enhance the breadth of reactivity and sensitivity of the respective assays. Using expressed RNA and 10-fold dilution series of virus-infected tissue culture isolates from different members of the family or genera, these assays were able to detect on average between 100 and 500 copies of template RNA. The assays were specific to the respective group of genera or subfamily viruses. This set of primers enhances our ability to look for novel viruses in outbreaks and diseases of unknown etiology.
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              ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses.

              T Ksiazek, C P West, P E Rollin … (1999)
              EIAs for IgG and IgM antibodies directed against Ebola (EBO) viral antigens have been developed and evaluated using sera of animals and humans surviving infection with EBO viruses. The IgM capture assay detected anti-EBO (subtype Reston) antibodies in the sera of 5 of 5 experimentally infected animals at the time they succumbed to lethal infections. IgM antibodies were also detected in the serum of a human who was infected with EBO (subtype Reston) during a postmortem examination of an infected monkey. The antibody was detectable as early as day 6 after infection in experimentally infected animals and persisted for 400 days in 3 animals who survived infection, and it persisted for approximately 10 years after infection in the sera of 2 humans. Although these data are limited by the number of sera available for verification, the IgM assay seems to have great promise as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore the long-term persistence of the IgG antibodies measured by this test strongly suggests that the ELISA will be useful in field investigations of EBO virus.
              Article 0 comments Cited 78 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): July 2018
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 1285-1291
                Affiliations
                [1]Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines (C. Demetria, T. Tan, D. Villarico, E.M. Simon, R. Centeno, R. Capistrano, A. Tandoc III);
                [2]CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia (I. Smith, M. Tachedjian, G. Marsh, D. Eagles);
                [3]National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (S. Taniguchi, M. Shimojima, S. Fukushi);
                [4]INA Research Philippines, Muntinlupa City (N.L.J. Miranda, M.E. Miranda, M.M.R. Rondina, R. Cruz)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Shuetsu Fukushi, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology 1, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; email: fukushi@ 123456nih.go.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: 17-1234
                DOI: 10.3201/eid2407.171234
                PMC ID: 6038738
                PubMed ID: 29912712
                SO-VID: bd41e8c1-9c49-4d14-8f92-bbd347140143
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Subject: Research
                Subject: Reemergence of Reston ebolavirus in Cynomolgus Monkeys in the Philippines, 2015

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: reston ebolavirus,viruses,nonhuman primates,measles virus,coinfection,macaques,zoonoses,the philippines
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: reston ebolavirus, viruses, nonhuman primates, measles virus, coinfection, macaques, zoonoses, the philippines

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