Marchitez Vascular del Tomate: I. Presencia de Razas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder y Hansen en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México

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Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la variabilidad genética de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México, región productora de tomate de importancia nacional. Además se buscó en especies de Lycopersicon, cultivares criollos y mejorados obsoletos de diferentes orígenes, resistencia a las razas presentes en el estado. Se colectaron 100 muestras de plantas con síntomas de Fol en Culiacán de las cuales se aisló del patógeno, y mediante la inoculación de los materiales diferenciales Bonny Best, Manapal, Walter e I3R3, se identificaron las razas 1, 2 y 3. La evaluación de los diferentes materiales indicó que todos los genotipos evaluados fueron susceptibles a la raza 1, 16 resistentes a la raza 2 y 4 resistentes a la raza 3. Se aislaron e identificaron 29 cepas de Fol a nivel de raza, encontrándose presentes las tres razas, 24% para la raza 1, 14% para la 2, y 62% para la 3. Los materiales resistentes a la raza 2 fueron Lycopersicon esculentum cv. saladette LA.2662 (88L1368); L. esculentum cv. prim. LA.147 (90L3518); y L. chmielewskii LA.2663(85L8673-8676), y a la raza 3, L. pimpinellifolium LA.722 (86L9486); L. pimpinellifolium LA.2184 (87L0413); L. peruvianum LA. 462 (79L4445-4449) y L. esculentum cv. motelle LA.2823 (87L0382).

Translated abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, a national important tomato-producing region, and to search for resistantce in species of Lycopersicon, landraces, improved but obsolete varieties of different origin present in the state. One hundred samples of tomato plants showing symptoms of Fusarium wilt disease were collected in Culiacan, from which the fungus was isolated, and through inoculation of differentials Bonny Best, Manapal, Walter, and I3R3, races 1, 2, and 3 were identified. All the genotypes evaluated were susceptible to race 1, sixteen resistant to race 2, and only four resistant to race 3. Twenty nine isolates of Fol were isolated and identified to the race level; 24 % belonged to race 1, 14 % to race 2, and 62% to race 3. Resistant materials to race 2 were Lycopersicon esculentum cv. saladette LA.2662 (88L1368); L. esculentum cv. primitive LA.147 (90L3518); and L. chmielewskii LA.2663 (85L8673-8676); and to race 3, L.pimpinellifolium LA.722 (86L9486); L. pimpinellifolium LA.2184 (87L0413); L.peruvianum LA. 462 (79L4445-4449), and L. esculentum cv. motelle LA.2823 (87L0382).

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Most cited references 40

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Taxonomy, biology, and clinical aspects of Fusarium species.

P Nelson, M Dignani, E. J. Anaissie (1994)

There are several taxonomic systems available for identifying Fusarium species. The philosophy used in each taxonomic system is discussed as well as problems encountered in working with Fusarium species in culture. Fusarium species are toxigenic, and the mycotoxins produced by these organisms are often associated with animal and human diseases. The implications for the association of the carcinogens, fumonisins, produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium species with human diseases are discussed. Foreign-body-associated fusarial infection such as keratitis in contact lens wearers, onychomycosis, skin infections, and disseminated multiorgan infections are discussed. Disseminated fusarial hyalohyphomycosis has emerged as a significant, usually fatal infection in the immunocompromised host. Successful outcome is determined by the degree of immunosuppression, the extent of the infection, and the presence of a removable focus such as an indwelling central venous catheter. These infections may be clinically suspected on the basis of a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, which should lead to prompt therapy, probably with one of the newer antifungal agents. Perhaps the use of such agents or the use of colony-stimulating factors may improve the outcome of this devastating infection. However, until new approaches for treatment develop, effective preventive measures are urgently needed.