For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
27
views
16
references
 Top references
cited by
3
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
2 collections
    0
    shares
      281
      similar
       All similar

      The APC waiver has been extended to also apply to manuscripts submitted until March 31, 2024.

      To submit to the journal, please click here.

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Photoinactivation of Legionella Rubrilucens by Visible Light

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          In this study, the photoinactivation of Legionella by visible light is investigated. The success of this approach would offer new prospects for technical water disinfection and maybe even for therapeutic measures in cases of Legionella infections. Therefore, Legionella rubrilucens was dispensed on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium agar plates and illuminated with different doses of violet light generated by 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A strong photoinactivation effect was observed. A dose of 125 J/ cm 2 reduced the bacterial concentration by more than 5 orders of magnitude compared to Legionella on unirradiated agar plates. The necessary dose for a one log-level reduction was about 24 J/cm 2. These results were obtained for extracellular L. rubrilucens, but other Legionella species may exhibit a similar behavior.

          Related collections

          Most cited references16

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Blue light for infectious diseases: Propionibacterium acnes, Helicobacter pylori, and beyond?

          Tianhong Dai, Asheesh Gupta, Clinton Murray … (2012)
          Blue light, particularly in the wavelength range of 405-470 nm, has attracted increasing attention due to its intrinsic antimicrobial effect without the addition of exogenous photosensitizers. In addition, it is commonly accepted that blue light is much less detrimental to mammalian cells than ultraviolet irradiation, which is another light-based antimicrobial approach being investigated. In this review, we discussed the blue light sensing systems in microbial cells, antimicrobial efficacy of blue light, the mechanism of antimicrobial effect of blue light, the effects of blue light on mammalian cells, and the effects of blue light on wound healing. It has been reported that blue light can regulate multi-cellular behavior involving cell-to-cell communication via blue light receptors in bacteria, and inhibit biofilm formation and subsequently potentiate light inactivation. At higher radiant exposures, blue light exhibits a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Blue light therapy is a clinically accepted approach for Propionibacterium acnes infections. Clinical trials have also been conducted to investigate the use of blue light for Helicobacter pylori stomach infections and have shown promising results. Studies on blue light inactivation of important wound pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have also been reported. The mechanism of blue light inactivation of P. acnes, H. pylori, and some oral bacteria is proved to be the photo-excitation of intracellular porphyrins and the subsequent production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Although it may be the case that the mechanism of blue light inactivation of wound pathogens (e.g., S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) is the same as that of P. acnes, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. Limited and discordant results have been reported regarding the effects of blue light on mammalian cells and wound healing. Under certain wavelengths and radiant exposures, blue light may cause cell dysfunction by the photo-excitation of blue light sensitizing chromophores, including flavins and cytochromes, within mitochondria or/and peroxisomes. Further studies should be performed to optimize the optical parameters (e.g., wavelength, radiant exposure) to ensure effective and safe blue light therapies for infectious disease. In addition, studies are also needed to verify the lack of development of microbial resistance to blue light.
          Article 0 comments Cited 86 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes by its endogenic porphyrins after illumination with high intensity blue light.

            Yeshayahu Nitzan, Z. Malik, Y Harth … (2003)
            Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive, microaerophilic bacterium that causes skin wounds. It is known to naturally produce high amounts of intracellular porphyrins. The results of the present study confirm that the investigated strain of P. acnes is capable of producing endogenic porphyrins with no need for any trigger molecules. Extracts from growing cultures have demonstrated emission peaks around 612 nm when excited at 405 nm, which are characteristic for porphyrins. Endogenic porphyrins were determined and quantified after their extraction from the bacterial cells by fluorescence intensity and by elution retention time on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The porphyrins produced by P. acnes are mostly coproporphyrin, as shown by the HPLC elution patterns. Addition of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) enhanced intracellular porphyrin synthesis and higher amounts of coproporphyrin have been found. Eradication of P. acnes by its endogenic porphyrins was examined after illumination with intense blue light at 407-420 nm. The viability of 24 h cultures grown anaerobically in liquid medium was reduced by less than two orders of magnitude when illuminated once with a light dose of 75 J cm(-2). Better photodynamic effects were obtained when cultures were illuminated twice or three times consecutively with a light dose of 75 J cm(-2) and an interval of 24 h between illuminations. The viability of the culture under these conditions decreased by four orders of magnitude after two illuminations and by five orders of magnitude after three illuminations. When ALA-triggered cultures were illuminated with intense blue light at a light dose of 75 J cm(-2) the viability of the treated cultures decreased by seven orders of magnitude. This decrease in viability can occur even after a single exposure of illumination for the indicated light intensity. X-ray microanalysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed structural damages to membranes in the illuminated P. acnes. Illumination of the endogenous coproporphyrin with blue light (407-420 nm) apparently plays a major role in P. acnes photoinactivation. A treatment protocol with a series of several illuminations or illumination after application of ALA may be suitable for curing acne. Treatment by both pathways may overcome the resistance of P. acnes to antibiotic treatment.
            Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              In vitro bactericidal effects of 405-nm and 470-nm blue light.

              J Stephen Guffey, Jay Wilborn (2006)
              The aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal effect of 405- and 470-nm light on two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in vitro. It is well-known that UV light kills bacteria, but the bactericidal effects of UV may not be unique since recent studies indicate that blue light produces a somewhat similar effect. The effects of blue light seem varied depending on wavelength, dose and the nature of the bacteria, hence this study. Two common aerobes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes were tested. Each organism was treated with Super Luminous Diode probes with peak emission at 405 and 470 nm. Treatment was timed to yield 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 Jcm2 doses. Colony counts were performed and compared to untreated controls. The 405-nm light produced a dose dependent bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (p < .05), achieving as much as 95.1% and nearly 90% kill rate for each, respectively. The 470-nm light effectively killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa at all dose levels, but only killed Staphylococcus aureus at 10 and 15 J cm2. With this wavelength, as much as 96.5% and 62% reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was achieved, respectively. Neither of the two wavelengths proved bactericidal with anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes. The results indicate that, in vitro, 405- and 470-nm blue light produce dose dependent bactericidal effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus but not Propionibacterium acnes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 58 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EUJMI
                Title: European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-509X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2062-8633
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 April 2017
                Publication date Collection: June 2017
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 146-149
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Ulm University of Applied Sciences , Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D 89081 Ulm, Germany
                [2 ]Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
                Author notes
                Ulm University of Applied Sciences – Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics (Biotechnology Lab), Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, D-89081, Germany; +49 (0) 731 5028603; +49 (0) 731 5028603; hessling@ 123456hs-ulm.de

                Conflict of interest

                The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00006
                PMC ID: 5495087
                PubMed ID: 28690882
                SO-VID: bd47182e-1079-46fa-ab5a-b113e5c2f4c8
                Copyright © © 2017, The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 22 March 2017
                Date accepted : 28 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 4
                Funding
                Funding sources: This work was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology within the ZIM project “Clean Spring” (grant number: KF2186208CR4).
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: legionella rubrilucens,405 nm irradiation,photoinactivation,disinfection
                Data availability:
                Keywords: legionella rubrilucens, 405 nm irradiation, photoinactivation, disinfection

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content281

                See all similar

                Cited by1

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors184

                See all reference authors