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      Masculinity in Adolescent Males’ Early Romantic and Sexual Heterosexual Relationships

      , ,
      American Journal of Men's Health
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">There is a need to better understand the complex inter-relationship between the adoption of masculinity during adolescence and the development of early romantic and sexual relationships. The purpose of this study was to describe features of adolescent masculinity and how it is expressed in the contexts of early to middle adolescent males’ romantic and sexual relationships. Thirty- three 14–16 year old males were recruited from an adolescent clinic serving a community with high STI rates, and were asked open ended questions about their relationships-- how they developed, progressed, and ended. Participants described a high degree of relationally-oriented beliefs and behaviors related to romantic and sexual relationships, such as a desire for intimacy and trust. They also described a more limited degree of conventionally masculine beliefs and behaviors. These often co-existed or overlapped. Implications for the clinical care of similar groups of adolescents are described. </p>

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          Most cited references23

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          Interdependence, interaction, and relationships.

          Interdependence theory presents a logical analysis of the structure of interpersonal situations, offering a conceptual framework in which interdependence situations can be analyzed in terms of six dimensions. Specific situations present specific problems and opportunities, logically implying the relevance of specific motives and permitting their expression. Via the concept of transformation, the theory explains how interaction is shaped by broader considerations such as long-term goals and concern for a partner's welfare. The theory illuminates our understanding of social-cognitive processes that are of longstanding interest to psychologists such as cognition and affect, attribution, and self-presentation. The theory also explains adaptation to repeatedly encountered interdependence patterns, as well as the embodiment of such adaptations in interpersonal dispositions, relationship-specific motives, and social norms.
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            Gender and relationships. A developmental account.

            This article argues that behavioral differentiation of the sexes is minimal when children are observed or tested individually. Sex differences emerge primarily in social situations, and their nature varies with the gender composition of dyads and groups. Children find same-sex play partners more compatible, and they segregate themselves into same-sex groups, in which distinctive interaction styles emerge. These styles are described. As children move into adolescence, the patterns they developed in their childhood same-sex groups are carried over into cross-sex encounters in which girls' styles put them at a disadvantage. Patterns of mutual influence can become more symmetrical in intimate male-female dyads, but the distinctive styles of the two sexes can still be seen in such dyads and are subsequently manifested in the roles and relationships of parenthood. The implications of these continuities are considered.
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              'It's caveman stuff, but that is to a certain extent how guys still operate': men's accounts of masculinity and help seeking.

              It is often assumed that men are reluctant to seek medical care. However, despite growing interest in masculinity and men's health, few studies have focussed on men's experiences of consultation in relation to their constructions of masculinity. Those that have are largely based on men with diseases of the male body (testicular and prostate cancer) or those which have been stereotyped as male (coronary heart disease). This paper presents discussions and experiences of help seeking and its relation to, and implications for, the practice of masculinity amongst a diversity of men in Scotland, as articulated in focus group discussions. The discussions did indeed suggest a widespread endorsement of a 'hegemonic' view that men 'should' be reluctant to seek help, particularly amongst younger men. However, they also included instances which questioned or went against this apparent reluctance to seek help. These were themselves linked with masculinity: help seeking was more quickly embraced when it was perceived as a means to preserve or restore another, more valued, enactment of masculinity (e.g. working as a fire-fighter, or maintaining sexual performance or function). Few other studies have emphasised how men negotiate deviations from the hegemonic view of help-seeking.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                American Journal of Men's Health
                Am J Mens Health
                SAGE Publications
                1557-9883
                1557-9891
                March 10 2015
                June 04 2014
                : 9
                : 3
                : 201-208
                Article
                10.1177/1557988314535623
                5903560
                24899515
                bd6224ca-bb19-47a7-b725-67444bd62631
                © 2014

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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