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      Macroscopic fluctuation theory

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          Abstract

          Stationary non-equilibrium states describe steady flows through macroscopic systems. Although they represent the simplest generalization of equilibrium states, they exhibit a variety of new phenomena. Within a statistical mechanics approach, these states have been the subject of several theoretical investigations, both analytic and numerical. The macroscopic fluctuation theory, based on a formula for the probability of joint space-time fluctuations of thermodynamic variables and currents, provides a unified macroscopic treatment of such states for driven diffusive systems. We give a detailed review of this theory including its main predictions and most relevant applications.

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          A nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences

          An expression is derived for the classical free energy difference between two configurations of a system, in terms of an ensemble of finite-time measurements of the work performed in parametrically switching from one configuration to the other. Two well-known equilibrium identities emerge as limiting cases of this result.
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            The Entropy Production Fluctuation Theorem and the Nonequilibrium Work Relation for Free Energy Differences

            There are only a very few known relations in statistical dynamics that are valid for systems driven arbitrarily far-from-equilibrium. One of these is the fluctuation theorem, which places conditions on the entropy production probability distribution of nonequilibrium systems. Another recently discovered far-from-equilibrium expression relates nonequilibrium measurements of the work done on a system to equilibrium free energy differences. In this paper, we derive a generalized version of the fluctuation theorem for stochastic, microscopically reversible dynamics. Invoking this generalized theorem provides a succinct proof of the nonequilibrium work relation.
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              Dynamical ensembles in stationary states

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                2014-04-25
                2015-01-16
                Article
                10.1103/RevModPhys.87.593
                1404.6466
                bd737b9a-328c-494b-93a1-204645a2e37a

                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

                History
                Custom metadata
                Roma01.Math
                Reviews of Modern Physics, Volume 87, 593-636, 2015
                Review article. Revised extended version
                cond-mat.stat-mech

                Condensed matter
                Condensed matter

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