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      Diversidad alfa, beta y co-ocurrencia de especies de flebotomineos (Diptera: Psychodidae) en Calakmul, Campeche, México Translated title: Alpha, beta diversity and co-occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen Las leishmaniasis son un conjunto de manifestaciones clínicas de gran importancia en México. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la diversidad y co-ocurrencia de flebotomineos en Calakmul, Campeche. Se capturaron flebotomineos en siete localidades durante el periodo de 2001 2007, con diferentes tipos de trampas. En total se recolectaron 17.405 flebotomineos representados por nueve géneros y 17 especies. La mayor diversidad alfa se presentó en Dos Lagunas Sur y La Guadalupe, mientras que la mayor dominancia se dio en Unión 20 de Junio y Arroyo Negro. La mayor equidad se presentó en Dos Naciones y La Virgencita. Se encontró que la mayor diversidad beta se presentó entre en Unión 20 de Junio-La Guadalupe, La Guadalupe-La Virgencita y Dos Naciones-Dos Lagunas Sur con un 99%. Finalmente, el análisis de co-ocurrencia de especies, no permitió inferir alguna relación significativa entre flebotomineos. En conclusión, se reportan dos nuevos registros para Campeche: Micropygomyia (Micropygomyia) cayennensis maciasi y Dampfomyia (Coromyia) steatopyga. Los estimadores de biodiversidad son efectivos para explicar la riqueza y estructura de la comunidad, se argumenta la utilidad del estadístico Q, que, al no ser influenciado por especies abundantes o especies raras, resultaría en una buena estimación de la heterogeneidad.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Leishmaniases are a group of clinical manifestations that represent a health problem in Mexico. We analyzed the diversity of phlebotominae sand fly in seven localities of the municipality of Calakmul, Campeche. We collected sandflies during 2001-2007 with three methods: light CDC traps, mice-baited Disney traps, and human-baited Shannon traps. A total of 17405 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, representing nine genera and 17 species. Communities with the highest species richness were Once de Mayo and Dos Naciones. Alpha diversity was found to be highest in Dos Lagunas Sur and La Guadalupe, whereas the highest dominance was found in Unión 20 de Junio and Arroyo Negro. Likewise, the highest record for species eveness was detected in Dos Naciones and La Virgencita. In general, it was found that beta diversity exhibited the highest values (share species) 99% (≈17 species) between Union 20 de Junio-La Guadalupe, as well as between La Guadalupe-La Virgencita and Dos Naciones-Dos Lagunas Sur, respectively. Using C-score analysis, it was found that co-occurrence of species at that spatial scale was found to be random, with not significant scores for either an aggregated or dispersed occurrence. In conclusion, two are new records for the state of Campeche: Micropygomyia (Micropygomyia) cayennensis maciasi and Dampfomyia (Coromyia) steatopyga. Biodiversity estimators are effective in explaining the richness and structure of the community, arguing the utility of the Q statistic, which, not being influenced by abundant species or rare species, would result in a good estimate of heterogeneity.

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          A Mathematical Theory of Communication

          C. Shannon (1948)
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            Measurement of Diversity

            E. SIMPSON (1949)
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              Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence

              As part of a World Health Organization-led effort to update the empirical evidence base for the leishmaniases, national experts provided leishmaniasis case data for the last 5 years and information regarding treatment and control in their respective countries and a comprehensive literature review was conducted covering publications on leishmaniasis in 98 countries and three territories (see ‘Leishmaniasis Country Profiles Text S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S22, S23, S24, S25, S26, S27, S28, S29, S30, S31, S32, S33, S34, S35, S36, S37, S38, S39, S40, S41, S42, S43, S44, S45, S46, S47, S48, S49, S50, S51, S52, S53, S54, S55, S56, S57, S58, S59, S60, S61, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S67, S68, S69, S70, S71, S72, S73, S74, S75, S76, S77, S78, S79, S80, S81, S82, S83, S84, S85, S86, S87, S88, S89, S90, S91, S92, S93, S94, S95, S96, S97, S98, S99, S100, S101’). Additional information was collated during meetings conducted at WHO regional level between 2007 and 2011. Two questionnaires regarding epidemiology and drug access were completed by experts and national program managers. Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence ranges were estimated by country and epidemiological region based on reported incidence, underreporting rates if available, and the judgment of national and international experts. Based on these estimates, approximately 0.2 to 0.4 cases and 0.7 to 1.2 million VL and CL cases, respectively, occur each year. More than 90% of global VL cases occur in six countries: India, Bangladesh, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Brazil. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is more widely distributed, with about one-third of cases occurring in each of three epidemiological regions, the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, and western Asia from the Middle East to Central Asia. The ten countries with the highest estimated case counts, Afghanistan, Algeria, Colombia, Brazil, Iran, Syria, Ethiopia, North Sudan, Costa Rica and Peru, together account for 70 to 75% of global estimated CL incidence. Mortality data were extremely sparse and generally represent hospital-based deaths only. Using an overall case-fatality rate of 10%, we reach a tentative estimate of 20,000 to 40,000 leishmaniasis deaths per year. Although the information is very poor in a number of countries, this is the first in-depth exercise to better estimate the real impact of leishmaniasis. These data should help to define control strategies and reinforce leishmaniasis advocacy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rche
                Revista chilena de entomología
                Rev. chil. entomol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Entomología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0034-740X
                0718-8994
                June 2020
                : 46
                : 2
                : 221-235
                Affiliations
                [1] San Nicolás de los Garza orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas orgdiv2Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados Mexico
                [3] Tapachula Chiapas orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública Mexico
                [2] San Nicolás de los Garza orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS) Mexico
                Article
                S0718-89942020000200221 S0718-8994(20)04600200221
                10.35249/rche.46.2.20.13
                bd79fbff-87a3-4f0d-be24-b4eb020a1b00

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 April 2020
                : 06 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 70, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículo Científico

                richness,Phlebotominae,leishmaniasis,diversity,Campeche,riqueza,diversidad

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