Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking by a ($ d+id$) Density-Wave State in Underdoped Cuprate Superconductors

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Abstract

It was proposed that the id(x(2)-y(2)) density-wave state (DDW) may be responsible for the pseudogap behavior in the underdoped cuprates. Here we show that the admixture of a small d(xy) component to the DDW state breaks the symmetry between the counterpropagating orbital currents of the DDW state and, thus, violates the macroscopic time-reversal symmetry. This symmetry breaking results in a nonzero polar Kerr effect, which has recently been observed in the pseudogap phase.

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Quantum oscillations and the Fermi surface in an underdoped high-Tc superconductor

Nicolas Doiron-Leyraud, Cyril Proust, David Leboeuf … (2007)

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High resolution polar Kerr effect measurements of Sr2RuO4: evidence for broken time-reversal symmetry in the superconducting state.

Peter T Beyersdorf, Aharon Kapitulnik, Jing Xia … (2006)

The polar Kerr effect in the spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 was measured with high precision using a Sagnac interferometer with a zero-area Sagnac loop. We observed nonzero Kerr rotations as big as 65 nanorad appearing below Tc in large domains. Our results imply a broken time-reversal symmetry state in the superconducting state of Sr2RuO4, similar to 3He-A.