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      Engaging the Senses in Qualitative Research via Multimodal Coding: Triangulating Transcript, Audio, and Video Data in a Study With Sexual and Gender Minority Youth

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          Abstract

          The variety of formats in which qualitative data may be collected have been explored within the methodological literature. Yet, the multiple options for coding these data formats have not been comprehensively detailed. While transcript analysis is widely used across disciplines, it may have limitations—particularly for research involving marginalized populations. This paper presents a multimodal coding approach as a methodological innovation for triangulating three data formats (transcript, audio, and video), detailed through the application of this analytic approach during a qualitative study exploring media engagement with sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY). Nineteen semi-structured interviews with SGMY were filmed and transcribed. Nine independent coders then utilized the innovative multimodal approach to code the three data formats using a constructivist grounded theory framework. Some codes were similar across modalities, such as those related to safety issues and finding identity and community through media. Others differed between modalities, such as those related to participant affect, perceived contradictions, discrepancies between verbal statements and body language, level of comfort and engagement, and distress when discussing traumatic experiences. Video coding captured the broadest range of emotions and experiences from marginalized youth, while transcripts provided the most straightforward form of data for coding. Multimodal coding may be applicable across qualitative approaches to enrich analyses and account for potential biases, thereby enhancing analytical lenses in qualitative inquiry. Methodological strategies for coding and integrating data types are discussed.

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          Naturalistic inquiry

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            Content Analysis : An Introduction to Its Methodology

            Since the publication of the first edition of Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, the textual fabric in which contemporary society functions has undergone a radical transformation -- namely, the ongoing information revolution. Two decades ago, content analysis was largely known in journalism and communication research, and, to a lesser extent, in the social and psychological sciences. Today, content analysis has become an efficient alternative to public opinion research -- a method of tracking markets, political leanings, and emerging ideas, a way to settle legal disputes, and an approach to explore individual human minds. The Second Edition of Content Analysis is a definitive sourcebook of the history and core principles of content analysis as well as an essential resource for present and future studies. The book introduces readers to ways of analyzing meaningful matter such as texts, images, voices -- that is, data whose physical manifestations are secondary to the meanings that a particular population of people brings to them.Organized into three parts, the book examines the conceptual and methodological aspects of content analysis and also traces several paths through content analysis protocols.The author has completely revised and updated the Second Edition, integrating new information on computer-aided text analysis. The book also includes a practical guide that incorporates experiences in teaching and how to advise academic and commercial researchers. In addition, Krippendorff clarifies the epistemology and logic of content analysis as well as the methods for achieving its aims. Author Klaus Krippendorff discusses three distinguishing characteristics of contemporary content analysis: that it is fundamentally empirically grounded, exploratory in process, and predictive or inferential in intent; that it transcends traditional notions of symbols, contents, and intents; and that it has been forced to develop a methodology of its own, one that enables researchers to plan, execute, communicate, reproduce, and critically evaluate an analysis independent of the desirability of its results.Intended as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students across the social sciences, Content Analysis, Second Edition will also be a valuable resource for practitioners in a variety of disciplines.
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              Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and procedures for developing Grounded Teory

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                International Journal of Qualitative Methods
                International Journal of Qualitative Methods
                SAGE Publications
                1609-4069
                1609-4069
                January 01 2021
                April 30 2021
                January 01 2021
                : 20
                : 160940692110136
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [2 ]College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
                [3 ]Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina–Saskatoon Campus, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                Article
                10.1177/16094069211013659
                bdc9579c-1b18-4aea-9b07-ddbdb74c769e
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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