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      Intención de los estudiantes de medicina de vacunarse contra la gripe en sus futuro ejercicio profesional Translated title: Attitudes of Medical Students about Influenza Vaccination

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          Abstract

          Fundamentos: La cobertura de vacunación antigripal en personal sanitario es baja. Este estudio se realizó con la finalidad de conocer las razones por las que los estudiantes de medicina tienen previsto vacunarse o no de gripe cuando sean trabajadores sanitarios así como los factores asociados con dicha intención. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que se incluyó a todos los alumnos matriculados en la Facultad de medicina de una Universidad española durante el curso académico 2011-2012. La información se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario autocumplimentado que recogía la intención de vacunación, motivos para ello y 8 preguntas sobre conocimientos de la vacuna. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para estudiar las asociaciones se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado y regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: De los 1.130 estudiantes respondieron el cuestionario 654 (57,9%). El 63,0% manifestaron tener intención de vacunarse. Las principales razones para prever vacunarse fueron: considerarlo conveniente (68,2%), riesgo de transmitir gripe a pacientes (65,5%) y riesgo de que los pacientes pudieran transmitírsela a ellos (64,8%). Las razones más frecuentes para no prever vacunarse fueron: bajo riesgo de padecer gripe (41,7%) y evitar inyecciones/medicación (27,7%). Conocer específicamente que la vacuna está indicada en trabajadores sanitarios se asoció con prever vacunarse (p=0,000). Conclusiones: La intención de vacunación fue elevada con respecto a la cobertura actual. El nivel de conocimientos fue mejorable. Conocer la indicación de la vacunación en trabajadores sanitarios se asoció con la intención de vacunarse.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza virus among healthcare personnel is low. The aim of this study was to know the reasons for which the medical students have intention to be vaccinated against influenza when they become healthcare workers (HCWs), and to identify its determining factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during the 2011-2012 school year. It included all enrolled medical students from a Spanish University. The information (intention to be vaccinated, reasons and 8 questions about knowledge of influenza vaccine) was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and the associations were then evaluated using a Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: 654 students of the 1130 (57.9%) completed the questionnaire. 63.0% had intention to be vaccinated. The main reasons to have intention to be vaccinated were: belief that vaccination is convenient (68.2%), to avoid transmitting influenza to patients (65.5%), and to avoid getting influenza from patients (64.8%). The main reasons for not having intention to be vaccinated were: low risk of influenza (41.7%) and to avoid shots/medication (27.7%). Knowledge that the vaccine is recommended for HCWs was associated with the intention (p= 0.000). Conclusion: Intention to get vaccinated was high regarding current coverage; thus, it is needed to investigate why the coverages against influenza among Spanish physicians are usually low. The level of knowledge has left room for improvement and knowing that the vaccine is recommended for HCWs was associated with the intention.

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          Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009.

          This report updates the 2008 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2008;57[No. RR-7]). Information on vaccination issues related to the recently identified novel influenza A H1N1 virus will be published later in 2009. The 2009 seasonal influenza recommendations include new and updated information. Highlights of the 2009 recommendations include 1) a recommendation that annual vaccination be administered to all children aged 6 months-18 years for the 2009-10 influenza season; 2) a recommendation that vaccines containing the 2009-10 trivalent vaccine virus strains A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like, A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like antigens be used; and 3) a notice that recommendations for influenza diagnosis and antiviral use will be published before the start of the 2009-10 influenza season. Vaccination efforts should begin as soon as vaccine is available and continue through the influenza season. Approximately 83% of the United States population is specifically recommended for annual vaccination against seasonal influenza; however, <40% of the U.S. population received the 2008-09 influenza vaccine. These recommendations also include a summary of safety data for U.S. licensed influenza vaccines. These recommendations and other information are available at CDC's influenza website (http://www.cdc.gov/flu); any updates or supplements that might be required during the 2009-10 influenza season also can be found at this website. Vaccination and health-care providers should be alert to announcements of recommendation updates and should check the CDC influenza website periodically for additional information.
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            Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices--United States, 2013-2014.

            David Shay (2013)
            This report updates the 2012 recommendations by CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccines for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2012;61:613-8). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥ 6 months. For the 2013-14 influenza season, it is expected that trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV3) will be replaced by a quadrivalent LAIV formulation (LAIV4). Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) will be available in both trivalent (IIV3) and quadrivalent (IIV4) formulations. Vaccine virus strains included in the 2013-14 U.S. trivalent influenza vaccines will be an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus, an H3N2 virus antigenically like the cell-propagated prototype virus A/Victoria/361/2011, and a B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virus. Quadrivalent vaccines will include an additional influenza B virus strain, a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus, intended to ensure that both influenza B virus antigenic lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) are included in the vaccine. This report describes recently approved vaccines, including LAIV4, IIV4, trivalent cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV3), and trivalent recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV3). No preferential recommendation is made for one influenza vaccine product over another for persons for whom more than one product is otherwise appropriate. This information is intended for vaccination providers, immunization program personnel, and public health personnel. These recommendations and other information are available at CDC's influenza website (http://www.cdc.gov/flu); any updates also will be found at this website. Vaccination and health-care providers should check the CDC influenza website periodically for additional information.
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              Knowledge, attitudes and vaccination coverage of healthcare workers regarding occupational vaccinations.

              Immunization of healthcare workers (HCWs) is a major issue for infection control in healthcare facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge regarding occupational vaccinations, HBV, varicella and influenza vaccination rates and attitudes towards influenza vaccine among HCWs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two wards (Medicine and Paediatrics) of a 1182-bed teaching hospital in Paris, France. A standardized, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used. Of 580 HCWs, 395 (68%) completed the questionnaire. Knowledge about the occupational vaccinations of HCWs was low. HBV (69%), tuberculosis (54%) and influenza (52%) were the most cited vaccinations. Paediatric staff was more aware of influenza and pertussis immunizations (p<.05). HBV vaccination rate was 93%, among whom 65% were aware of their immune status. Influenza vaccination rate for 2006-2007 was 30% overall, ranging from 50% among physicians to 20% among paramedical staff (p<.05). Physicians based their refusal on doubts about vaccine efficacy, although paramedics feared side effects. Influenza vaccination was associated with knowledge of vaccine recommendations [OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.13-2.57] and contact with patients [OR=3.05, 95% CI: 1.50-5.91]. Knowledge of recommended occupational vaccinations is insufficient in HCWs, except for HBV and influenza. Although the HBV vaccine coverage of HCWs is satisfactory, a large proportion of them is unaware of immune status. Influenza vaccine coverage remains low, especially among paramedical staff because of fear of side effects. As vaccine coverage is associated with knowledge, educational campaigns should be strengthened to increase the adhesion of HCWs to vaccinations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                June 2014
                : 88
                : 3
                : 407-418
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameHospital Universitario Infanta Leonor orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública
                [02] Madrid orgnameHospital Virgen de la Torre
                [03] Salamanca orgnameUniversidad de Salamanca orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología Médica
                Article
                S1135-57272014000300010 S1135-5727(14)08800300010
                10.4321/S1135-57272014000300010
                bddb890c-1a24-4d51-89b3-a444097fbef6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

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                medical,Students,Influenza vaccines,Intention,Knowledge,Health personnel,Spain,Estudiantes de medicina,Vacuna antigripal,Intención,Conocimiento,España,Personal de salud

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