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      Composição bromatológica e cinética da fermentação ruminal de rações contendo resíduos de babaçu Translated title: Bromatological composition and kinetics of rumen fermentation for feeds containing babassu residue

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          Abstract

          Objetivou-se com o experimento demonstrar a composição bromatológica e avaliar a cinética de fermentação e degradabilidade ruminal efetiva in vitro, por meio da técnica "Hohenheim Gas Test", da farinha do mesocarpo do babaçu I® e II® (FMBI e FMBII) e de rações com diferentes níveis de inclusão. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios: um com os subprodutos puros e milho e outro com rações com inclusões da FMBI e FMBII nas seguintes proporções: 0; 7,5; 15,0 e 22,5% da matéria seca total. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados sendo seis blocos no primeiro e cinco no segundo ensaio. Os tempos de mensuração dos gases produzidos foram 3; 6; 9; 12; 24; 48; 72 e 96 horas. As farinhas FMBI e FMBII apresentaram composições bromatológicas diferentes, em relação aos constituintes da fibra (FDN, FDA e Lignina). As farinhas FMBI e FMBII apresentaram padrões de cinética de fermentação inferiores aos padrões de fermentação do milho grão. Com o aumento da proporção de FMBI e FMBII na ração, reduz-se a produção de gases por tempo de incubação. Em virtude do exposto, pode-se afirmar que as farinhas do mesocarpo I e II, apesar de serem fontes de amido, não apresentaram fermentação ruminal semelhante à fonte amilácea padrão, o grão de milho.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of the experiment was to demonstrate the bromatological composition, and evaluate the fermentation kinetics and effective ruminal degradability in vitro, using the "Hohenheim Gas Test" technique, of babassu mesocarp flour I® and II® (FMBI and FMBII) and of feeds at different levels of inclusion. Two trials were carried out: one of pure byproducts and corn, and another of feeds with inclusions of FMBI and FMBII in the following proportions: 0, 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5% of the total dry matter. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with six blocks in the first trial and five in the second. Measurement times for the gases produced were 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The FMBI and FMBII flours showed different bromatological composition for the fibre components (FDN, FDA and Lignin). The FMBI and FMBII flours also showed patterns for fermentation kinetics inferior to the fermentation patterns of corn grain. Increasing the ratio of FMBI and FMBII in the feed reduces gas production for time of incubation. In view of the above, it can be said that mesocarp flours I and II, despite being sources of starch, did not present ruminal fermentation similar to corn grain, the standard source of starch.

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          Most cited references35

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          Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant

          This monumental text-reference places in clear persepctive the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. Now extensively revised and significantly expanded, it reflects the changes and growth in ruminant nutrition and related ecology since 1982. Among the subjects Peter J. Van Soest covers are nutritional constraints, mineral nutrition, rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, utilization of fibrous carbohydrates, application of ruminant precepts to fermentive digestion in nonruminants, as well as taxonomy, evolution, nonruminant competitors, gastrointestinal anatomies, feeding behavior, and problems fo animal size. He also discusses methods of evaluation, nutritive value, physical struture and chemical composition of feeds, forages, and broses, the effects of lignification, and ecology of plant self-protection, in addition to metabolism of energy, protein, lipids, control of feed intake, mathematical models of animal function, digestive flow, and net energy. Van Soest has introduced a number of changes in this edition, including new illustrations and tables. He places nutritional studies in historical context to show not only the effectiveness of nutritional approaches but also why nutrition is of fundamental importance to issues of world conservation. He has extended precepts of ruminant nutritional ecology to such distant adaptations as the giant panda and streamlined conceptual issues in a clearer logical progression, with emphasis on mechanistic causal interrelationships. Peter J. Van Soest is Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Department of Animal Science and the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University.
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            Generalized Approach for Incorporating Normalization Conditions in Design Sensitivity Analysis of Eigenvectors

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              Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows.

              Current NRC recommendations for dairy cattle provide limited guidance to nutritionists for meeting the fiber and carbohydrate needs of lactating cows. The NRC provide only minimum recommendations for fiber and no accommodation for factors such as physical effectiveness of fiber, interactions with nonfibrous carbohydrates, or animal attributes, which can affect the optimality of dairy rations. To be an improvement, any new system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows must be based on 1) feed characteristics that can be defined and preferably be determined quantitatively using routine laboratory methods and 2) animal requirements that correspond to critical feed characteristics and vary with feeding situation, ration composition, and attributes of the animal. Published data were used to develop coefficients for defining the physical effectiveness or roughage value of feeds and the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Information in this paper is intended to provide practical guidelines for improving current fiber recommendations and to serve as an idealized framework for future research on meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. The system is based on NDF as the measure of total chemical fiber in feeds. Adjustments for the effectiveness of NDF in maintaining milk fat production and optimizing ruminal fermentation are based on the particle size and inherent characteristics of NDF that affect chewing activity, ruminal pH, and milk fat production.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rca
                Revista Ciência Agronômica
                Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
                Universidade Federal do Ceará (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil )
                0045-6888
                1806-6690
                March 2014
                : 45
                : 1
                : 177-185
                Affiliations
                [02] Uberlândia MG orgnameUFT Brasil gilbertomacedojr@ 123456gmail.com
                [01] Araguaína TO orgnameUniversidade Federal do Tocantins Brasil luciano.sousa@ 123456uft.edu.br
                [05] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinária Brasil iran@ 123456vet.ufmg.br
                [04] Castanhal PA orgnameUniversidade Federal do Pará orgdiv1Instituto de Medicina Veterinária orgdiv2NCDAR Brasil andregms@ 123456gmail.com
                [03] Araguaína TO orgnameUFT Brasil roger.rps@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1806-66902014000100021 S1806-6690(14)04500100021
                10.1590/S1806-66902014000100021
                bddd89cc-539d-4d91-bc02-a80b6c479e5a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 September 2013
                : 04 April 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Zootecnia

                Subprodutos,Produção de gases,Ruminantes,By-products,Ruminants,Orbignya martiana,Feeding,Production of gases,Alimentação

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