Association between TNF-Alpha (-857) Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis

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Abstract

Background

TNF-α as a pro-inflammatory cytokine plays a key role in host defense against tuberculosis (TB). Presence of mutation in TNF-α gene can influence the effectiveness, performance and capability of immune responses against this infection. The Aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of TNF-α alleles and its relationship with susceptibility to TB and TNF-α gene variations.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted and 103 healthy controls and 93 TB patients were enrolled. Genotype of TNF-238, TNF -244, TNF-308, TNF -857 and TNF-863 were distinguished using PCR-RFLP method.

Results

TNF-857 and TNF-863 were in high frequency mutation regions in a population level, and a significant difference at TNF-857 was noticed between the two groups of case and control.

Conclusion

Presence of mutation in TNF-857 region probably increases the host susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. Genotyping of these regions in combination with other factors can be used for screening of high risk persons. According to high distribution of mutations in TNF-857 and TNF-863 regions, further studies on association of these regions is suggested.

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Most cited references 41

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Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation.

A Wilson, J A Symons, T McDowell … (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent immunomodulator and proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases. For example, plasma levels of TNF alpha are positively correlated with severity and mortality in malaria and leishmaniasis. We have previously described a polymorphism at -308 in the TNF alpha promoter and shown that the rare allele, TNF2, lies on the extended haplotype HLA-A1-B8-DR3-DQ2, which is associated with autoimmunity and high TNF alpha production. Homozygosity for TNF2 carries a sevenfold increased risk of death from cerebral malaria. Here we demonstrate, with reporter genes under the control of the two allelic TNF promoters, that TNF2 is a much stronger transcriptional activator than the common allele (TNF1) in a human B cell line. Footprint analysis using DNase I and B cell nuclear extract showed the generation of a hypersensitive site at -308 and an adjacent area of protection. There was no difference in affinity of the DNA-binding protein(s) between the two alleles. These results show that this polymorphism has direct effects on TNF alpha gene regulation and may be responsible for the association of TNF2 with high TNF alpha phenotype and more severe disease in infections such as malaria and leishmaniasis.

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Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Reinout van Crevel, Klaas van Gisbergen (2002)

The different manifestations of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis reflect the balance between the bacillus and host defense mechanisms. Traditionally, protective immunity to tuberculosis has been ascribed to T-cell-mediated immunity, with CD4(+) T cells playing a crucial role. Recent immunological and genetic studies support the long-standing notion that innate immunity is also relevant in tuberculosis. In this review, emphasis is on these natural, innate host defense mechanisms, referring to experimental data (e.g., studies in gene knockout mice) and epidemiological, immunological, and genetic studies in human tuberculosis. The first step in the innate host defense is cellular uptake of M. tuberculosis, which involves different cellular receptors and humoral factors. Toll-like receptors seem to play a crucial role in immune recognition of M. tuberculosis, which is the next step. The subsequent inflammatory response is regulated by production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Different natural effector mechanisms for killing of M. tuberculosis have now been identified. Finally, the innate host response is necessary for induction of adaptive immunity to M. tuberculosis. These basic mechanisms augment our understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical course and will be of help in designing adjunctive treatment strategies.

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Structural deficiencies in granuloma formation in TNF gene-targeted mice underlie the heightened susceptibility to aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is not compensated for by lymphotoxin.

H. Kørner, H Briscoe, Gregory D Roach … (1999)

TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) may act at various stages of the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To dissect the effects of TNF independent of LT alpha, we have used C57BL/6 mice with a disruption of the TNF gene alone (TNF-/-). Twenty-one days following aerosol M. tuberculosis infection there was a marked increase in the number of organisms in the lungs of TNF-/- mice, and by 28-35 days all animals had succumbed, with widespread dissemination of M. tuberculosis. In comparison with the localized granulomas containing activated macrophages and T cells in lungs and livers of C57BL/6 wild-type (wt) mice, cellular infiltrates in TNF-/- mice were poorly formed, with extensive regions of necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration of the alveoli. Phenotypic analysis of lung homogenates demonstrated similar numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in TNF-/- and wt mice, but in TNF-deficient mice the lymphocytes were restricted to perivascular and peribronchial areas rather than colocated with macrophages in granulomas. T cells from TNF-/- mice retained proliferative and cytokine responses to purified protein derivative, and delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative was demonstrable. Macrophages within the lungs of TNF-/- and wt mice showed similar levels of MHC class II and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and levels of serum nitrite were comparable. Thus, the enhanced susceptibility of TNF-/- is not compensated for by the presence of LT alpha, and the critical role of TNF is not in the activation of T cells and macrophages but in the local organization of granulomas.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran Red Crescent Med J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran Red Crescent Med J

Journal ID (publisher-id): Kowsar

Title: Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Publisher: Kowsar

ISSN (Print): 2074-1804

ISSN (Electronic): 2074-1812

Publication date (Print): April 2011

Publication date (Electronic): 01 April 2011

Volume: 13

Issue: 4

Pages: 243-248

Affiliations

[1 ]Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[2 ]Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: Saber Anoosheh, PhD Candidate, Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Darabad, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +98-21-20109505, Fax: +98-21-20109505, E-mail: saberanoosheh@ 123456gmail.com

Article

PMC ID: 3371960

PubMed ID: 22737473

SO-VID: bdf66c93-24f8-40bc-8d97-5e1d55fe702c

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Association between TNF-Alpha (-857) Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Point-Of-Care Testing for Tuberculosis

Most cited references 41

Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation.

Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Structural deficiencies in granuloma formation in TNF gene-targeted mice underlie the heightened susceptibility to aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is not compensated for by lymphotoxin.

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