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      Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification.

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          Abstract

          Many have suggested that complementary gender stereotypes of men as agentic (but not communal) and women as communal (but not agentic) serve to increase system justification, but direct experimental support has been lacking. The authors exposed people to specific types of gender-related beliefs and subsequently asked them to complete measures of gender-specific or diffuse system justification. In Studies 1 and 2, activating (a) communal or complementary (communal + agentic) gender stereotypes or (b) benevolent or complementary (benevolent + hostile) sexist items increased support for the status quo among women. In Study 3, activating stereotypes of men as agentic also increased system justification among men and women, but only when women's characteristics were associated with higher status. Results suggest that complementary stereotypes psychologically offset the one-sided advantage of any single group and contribute to an image of society in which everyone benefits through a balanced dispersion of benefits.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Pers Soc Psychol
          Journal of personality and social psychology
          American Psychological Association (APA)
          0022-3514
          0022-3514
          Mar 2005
          : 88
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. john.jost@nyu.edu
          Article
          2005-01818-006
          10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.498
          15740442
          bdf8055d-8ed4-4759-a73f-485c8fc5f4a8
          ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).
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