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      Vehicle Self-Pollution Intake Fraction:  Children's Exposure to School Bus Emissions

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      Environmental Science & Technology
      American Chemical Society (ACS)

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          Abstract

          Vehicle self-pollution occurs when a vehicle's emissions migrate to inside that vehicle's passenger compartment. This paper presents values fortwo new parameters: vehicle self-pollution intake fraction (iF(SP)), which is the total fraction of a vehicle's emissions inhaled by all people in the vehicle, and vehicle self-pollution individual intake fraction (iF1SP), which is the fraction of a vehicle's emissions inhaled by an individual in the vehicle. We use results from tracer-gas experiments in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) to quantify students' iF(SP) and iF1SP for school bus emissions. Six buses were studied during nine runs with windows open and seven runs with windows closed. Reported iF(SP) values (units: per million; min = 10, max = 94, mean = 27) indicate that the total mass of a bus' exhaust inhaled by students commuting on it is comparable in magnitude to the total mass of that bus' exhaust inhaled by all other people in the SoCAB. Reported iF1SP values (units: per million; min = 0.2, max = 2.4, mean = 0.7) indicate that average per capita inhalation of emissions from any single bus is 10(5)-10(6) times greater for a student on that school bus than for a typical resident in the SoCAB. Vehicle self-pollution rate varies with bus window position (open or closed) and bus manufacture year. Our results can be used to develop cost-effective strategies to reduce children's exposure to school bus emissions. Our results indicate, for example, that even if emission reductions were many times more expensive per gram emitted for school buses than for an average vehicle, it would still be less expensive per gram inhaled by a student to reduce emissions from school buses than from an average vehicle.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Environmental Science & Technology
          Environ. Sci. Technol.
          American Chemical Society (ACS)
          0013-936X
          1520-5851
          April 2005
          April 2005
          : 39
          : 8
          : 2559-2563
          Article
          10.1021/es040377v
          15884349
          be07f2d3-c01e-4440-9a69-992e5bc45f67
          © 2005
          History

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