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      Muscle Activity and Muscle Strength in Atypical Swallowing Translated title: Actividad Muscular y Fuerza Muscular en la Deglución Atípica

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: To characterize muscle activity and muscle strength in patients with atypical swallowing (AS; n = 88) and competent lips (CL) or incompetent lips (IL) versus a control group (Ctrl; n = 90) Methods and materials: An analytical case-control study was conducted using surface electromyography (sEMG) of the orbicularis oris, mentalis and masseter muscles. Compression forces of the orbicularis oris, right and left masseters muscle (Cfrmm, Cflmm)), tongue tensile strength (Tts) via myoscan analysis and resistance of the orbicularis oris (Roo) via dynamo-metry were determined. Comparisons were made with the Mann-Whitney U test under a 95% confidence interval. Results: The amplitude of the sEMG record of the orbicularis oris muscle, in maximal contraction, was lower (p<0.01) in the atypical swallowing group (596.40 ± 175.83) compared to controls (659.83 ± 203.79). The muscle strength studied in the experimental group was lower (p<0.01) than in controls (CFo: AS: 0.31 ± 0.13; Ctrl: 0.38 ± 0,11; Cfrmm: AS: 0.40 ± 0.08; Ctrl: 0.50 ± 0.11; Cflmm: AS: 0.41 ± 0.08; Ctrl: 0.58 ± 0.59; Tts, AS: 0.52 ± 0.14, Ctrl: 0.65 ± 0.14, and Roo: AS: 2.47 ± 0.61; Ctrl: 2.73 ± 0.60). Patients with incompetent lips had a greater muscle activity of the orbicularis oris in swallowing (AS of IL: 197.01 ± 85.84; AS of CL: 160.54 ± 97.03; Ctrl: 147.18 ± 80.10). Conclusion: Patients with atypical swallowing showed differences in the strength of studied muscles and the muscle activity of the orbicular oris muscle compared to controls.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar la actividad y fuerza muscular de pacientes con deglución atípica (DA; N=88) con competencia labial (CL) o incompetencia labial (IL) vs un grupo control (Ctrl; N=90). Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico de casos y controles se realizó una electromiografía de superficie (sEMG) de los músculos orbicular, mental y maseteros; se determinaron las fuerzas compresiva del orbicular de los labios (FCo), contráctil del masetero derecho (FCmd) e izquierdo (FCmi), extensora del músculo lingual (FEl) por mioescanografía y la fuerza de resistencia del orbicular de los labios (FRo) por dinamometría. Resultados: La amplitud del registro sEMG del músculo orbicular de los labios, en contracción máxima, fue menor (p<0.01) en el grupo DA(596,40±175,83) con respecto a los controles(659,83±203,79); la fuerza de los músculos estudiados en el grupo experimental fue menor (p<0,01) que en los controles (FCo: DA: 0,31±0,13; Ctrl: 0,38±0,11; FCmd: DA: 0,40±0,08; Ctrl: 0,50±0,11; FCmi: DA: 0,41±0,08; Ctrl: 0,58±0,59; FEl; DA: 0,52±0,14; Ctrl: 0,65±0,14; y FRo: DA: 2,47±0,61; Ctrl: 2,73±0,60). Los pacientes con DA-IL presentaron mayor actividad muscular del orbicular en deglución (DA-IL: 197,01±85,84; DA-CL: 160,54±97,03; Ctrl: 147,18±80,10). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con DA difieren en la fuerza de los músculos estudiados y en la actividad muscular del orbicular con respecto a los controles. Los pacientes con DA-CL y DA-IL difieren en la actividad y fuerza muscular del orbicular.

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          Surface electromyographic studies of swallowing in normal subjects: a review of 440 adults. Report 1. Quantitative data: timing measures.

          Surface electromyographic studies were performed on 440 normal adults to establish normative database for duration of muscle activity during swallowing and drinking clinically useful for outpatient ENT department. Prospective observational study of healthy volunteers. Parameters evaluated during swallowing include the timing of activity of the orbicularis oris, masseter, submental, and infrahyoid muscle groups covered by platisma. Five tests were examined including voluntary single swallows of saliva ("dry" swallow), voluntary single water swallows as normal, voluntary single swallows of excessive amount of water (20 mL), continuous drinking of 100 mL of water (duration and number of swallows), monitoring of spontaneous swallowing of saliva during 1 hour period. The duration of oral, pharyngeal, and initial esophageal stages of swallowing (mean + SD) were measured for groups of adults of different age (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 70+ years old). Normative data for duration of muscle activity during single swallowing and continuous drinking are established for healthy adults. The duration of swallows and drinking in all tests showed insignificant increase with the age except for the geriatric group, in which this tendency is statistically significant (1-dimensional analysis of variance, SPSS, Chi-square criterion, 95% confidence interval). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female adults duration of muscle activity during single swallowing and continuous drinking in all age groups (P >/= 0.05). The relevance and clinical utility of new and alternative measures, in particular, are discussed. Surface EMG of swallowing is a simple and reliable noninvasive method for screening evaluation of swallowing with low level of discomfort during the examination. Stage-by-stage evaluation of duration can be very important for topical diagnosis of etiology of dysphagia. The normative timing of events data can be used for evaluation of complaints and symptoms, as well as for comparison purposes in preoperative and postoperative stages and in EMG monitoring during ENT treatment. These parameters represent stages required for normal deglutition, and can be used to identify abnormalities in ENT patients, and provide a basis for comparison of swallowing performance both within and between patients.
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            Electromyographic activity from human laryngeal, pharyngeal, and submental muscles during swallowing.

            The durations and temporal relationships of electromyographic activity from the submental complex, superior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeus, thyroarytenoid, and interarytenoid muscles were examined during swallowing of saliva and of 5- and 10-ml water boluses. Bipolar, hooked-wire electrodes were inserted into all muscles except for the submental complex, which was studied with bipolar surface electrodes. Eight healthy, normal, subjects produced five swallows of each of three bolus volumes for a total of 120 swallows. The total duration of electromyographic activity during the pharyngeal stage of the swallow did not alter with bolus condition; however, specific muscles did show a volume-dependent change in electromyograph duration and time of firing. Submental muscle activity was longest for saliva swallows. The interarytenoid muscle showed a significant difference in duration between the saliva and 10-ml water bolus. Finally, the interval between the onset of laryngeal muscle activity (thyroarytenoid, interarytenoid) and of pharyngeal muscle firing patterns (superior pharyngeal constrictor onset, cricopharyngeus offset) decreased as bolus volume increased. The pattern of muscle activity associated with the swallow showed a high level of intrasubject agreement; the presence of somewhat different patterns among subjects indicated a degree of population variance.
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              Bruxism, a clinical and electromyographic study

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sun
                Revista Salud Uninorte
                Salud, Barranquilla
                Fundación Universidad del Norte, División de Ciencias de la (Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia )
                0120-5552
                2011-7531
                December 2017
                : 33
                : 3
                : 273-284
                Affiliations
                [5] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia
                [3] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia
                [4] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia
                [1] Caldas Caldas orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia linalopez@ 123456autonoma.edu.co
                [2] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Manizales Colombia sonrie@ 123456autonoma.edu.co
                Article
                S0120-55522017000300273
                be148928-98c9-4aba-a6e0-0b501839fa73

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 September 2017
                : 11 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                Muscle Strength,Surface Electromyography,Lips,Swallowing,Fuerza muscular,electromiografía de superficie,labios,Deglución

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