For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
11
views
24
references
 Top references
cited by
40
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      376
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and obesity in adolescence and later chronic disability due to cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 1 million men

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Aims

          Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and obesity in adulthood are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known regarding the associations of these risk factors, already in adolescence, with later disability due to chronic CVD. Hence, we investigated associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescence with later chronic disability due to specific causes of CVD disability (i.e. cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and heart failure).

          Methods and results

          This population-based cohort study included 1 078 685 male adolescents (16–19 years) from the Swedish military conscription register from 1972 to 1994. Cardiorespiratory fitness (bicycle ergometer test), muscular strength (knee extension strength), and BMI were measured during the conscription examination. Information about disability pension due to CVD was retrieved from the Social Insurance Agency during a mean follow-up of 28.4 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was strongly and inversely associated with later risk of chronic CVD disability for all investigated causes. The association was particularly strong for ischaemic heart diseases (hazard ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.29 for highest vs. lowest fitness-quintiles). Furthermore, overweight/obesity were associated with CVD disability for all investigated causes. Conversely, associations of muscular strength with CVD disability were generally weak.

          Conclusions

          This study provides evidence for associations between low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity with later risk of chronic disability due to CVD. Preventive actions may begin at young ages and include promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness and healthy body weight.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health.

          F. Ortega, J. Ruiz, M. J. Castillo … (2008)
          This review aims to summarize the latest developments with regard to physical fitness and several health outcomes in young people. The literature reviewed suggests that (1) cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with total and abdominal adiposity; (2) both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness are shown to be associated with established and emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors; (3) improvements in muscular fitness and speed/agility, rather than cardiorespiratory fitness, seem to have a positive effect on skeletal health; (4) both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness enhancements are recommended in pediatric cancer patients/survivors in order to attenuate fatigue and improve their quality of life; and (5) improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness have positive effects on depression, anxiety, mood status and self-esteem, and seem also to be associated with a higher academic performance. In conclusion, health promotion policies and physical activity programs should be designed to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, but also two other physical fitness components such us muscular fitness and speed/agility. Schools may play an important role by identifying children with low physical fitness and by promoting positive health behaviors such as encouraging children to be active, with special emphasis on the intensity of the activity.
          Article 0 comments Cited 653 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Severe obesity in children and adolescents: identification, associated health risks, and treatment approaches: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

            Aaron S Kelly, Sarah Barlow, Goutham Rao … (2013)
            Severe obesity afflicts between 4% and 6% of all youth in the United States, and the prevalence is increasing. Despite the serious immediate and long-term cardiovascular, metabolic, and other health consequences of severe pediatric obesity, current treatments are limited in effectiveness and lack widespread availability. Lifestyle modification/behavior-based treatment interventions in youth with severe obesity have demonstrated modest improvement in body mass index status, but participants have generally remained severely obese and often regained weight after the conclusion of the treatment programs. The role of medical management is minimal, because only 1 medication is currently approved for the treatment of obesity in adolescents. Bariatric surgery has generally been effective in reducing body mass index and improving cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors; however, reports of long-term outcomes are few, many youth with severe obesity do not qualify for surgery, and access is limited by lack of insurance coverage. To begin to address these challenges, the purposes of this scientific statement are to (1) provide justification for and recommend a standardized definition of severe obesity in children and adolescents; (2) raise awareness of this serious and growing problem by summarizing the current literature in this area in terms of the epidemiology and trends, associated health risks (immediate and long-term), and challenges and shortcomings of currently available treatment options; and (3) highlight areas in need of future research. Innovative behavior-based treatment, minimally invasive procedures, and medications currently under development all need to be evaluated for their efficacy and safety in this group of patients with high medical and psychosocial risks.
            Article 0 comments Cited 328 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review.

              J. Ruiz, J. Castro-Piñero, E. Artero … (2009)
              The objective of the present systematic review was to investigate whether physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, events and syndromes, quality of life and low back pain later in life. Physical fitness-related components were: cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, motor fitness and body composition. Adiposity was considered as both exposure and outcome. The results of 42 studies reporting the predictive validity of health-related physical fitness for CVD risk factors, events and syndromes as well as the results of five studies reporting the predictive validity of physical fitness for low back pain in children and adolescents were summarised. Strong evidence was found indicating that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence are associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile later in life. Muscular strength improvements from childhood to adolescence are negatively associated with changes in overall adiposity. A healthier body composition in childhood and adolescence is associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile later in life and with a lower risk of death. The evidence was moderate for the association between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and CVD risk factors, and between cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness. Moderate evidence on the lack of a relationship between body composition and low back pain was found. Due to a limited number of studies, inconclusive evidence emerged for a relationship between muscular strength or motor fitness and CVD risk factors, and between flexibility and low back pain.
              Article 0 comments Cited 299 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur Heart J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur. Heart J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): eurheartj
                Title: European Heart Journal
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 0195-668X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1522-9645
                Publication date (Print): 14 April 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 November 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 09 November 2019
                Volume: 41
                Issue: 15 , Focus Issue on Sports Cardiology
                Pages: 1503-1510
                Affiliations
                [1 ] PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada 18071, Spain
                [2 ] Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping 581 83, Sweden
                [3 ] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet , NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
                [4 ] Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
                [5 ] Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm 113 65, Sweden
                [6 ] Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía , Tajonar 22, Pamplona 31006, Spain
                [7 ] Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. Tel: +46730263858, Email: hanna.henriksson@ 123456liu.se
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-1497
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-7048
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-7406
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-7779
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-3287
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-7138
                Article
                Publisher ID: ehz774
                DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz774
                PMC ID: 7154806
                PubMed ID: 31710669
                SO-VID: be413355-14b2-4af3-ba18-0a9169b61836
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                Date received : 18 April 2019
                Date revision received : 21 August 2019
                Date accepted : 23 October 2019
                Related
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: Karolinska Institutet, DOI 10.13039/501100004047;
                Award ID: 2018-02043
                Funded by: Swedish Society of Medicine and the County Council of Östergötland;
                Funded by: Henning and Johan Throne-Holst Foundation;
                Funded by: Strategic Research Area Health Care Science;
                Funded by: Karolinska Institutet/Umeå University;
                Funded by: Henning and Johan Throne-Holst Foundation;
                Funded by: European Union’s Horizon 2020;
                Award ID: 667 302
                Funded by: University of Granada, DOI 10.13039/501100006393;
                Funded by: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health;
                Funded by: UCEES;
                Funded by: European Regional Development Fund, DOI 10.13039/501100008530;
                Award ID: SOMM17/6107/UGR
                Funded by: SAMID III network, RETICS;
                Funded by: ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion;
                Funded by: ERDF, DOI 10.13039/501100008530;
                Award ID: RD16/0022
                Funded by: EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations;
                Award ID: DEP2005-00046/ACTI
                Categories
                Subject: Clinical Research
                Subject: Prevention and Epidemiology
                Subject: Editor's Choice

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: cardiovascular disease,cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,obesity,disability
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: cardiovascular disease, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, obesity, disability

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content376

                See all similar

                Cited by40

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors769

                See all reference authors