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      Five Novel Freshwater Ascomycetes Indicate High Undiscovered Diversity in Lotic Habitats in Thailand

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          Abstract

          An investigation of freshwater fungi in Thailand resulted in the collection of one new monotypic genus, Neoxylomyces, and a novel species each in Camposporium, Brunneofusispora, Rattania, Neoxylomyces, and Phaeoacremonium. Camposporium dulciaquae resembles C. septatum in conidial morphology and number of septa but differs in conidial sizes. Brunneofusispora hyalina is similar to B. sinensis in conidiogenesis and conidial shape but differs in the sizes of conidiomata and conidiogenous cells. Rattania aquatica is the second species in Rattania, while Phaeoacremonium thailandense is the third species recorded from freshwater habitats. A new genus, Neoxylomyces, typified by N. multiseptatus, is similar to Xylomyces giganteus, but differs in the number of septa, chlamydospore measurements, and absence of a mucilaginous coating around the chlamydospores. These novel taxa form an independent lineage distinct from other species based on multi-loci phylogenetic analyses. Descriptions, illustrations, and notes are provided for each taxon. These new freshwater ascomycetes add to the increasing number of fungi known from Thailand and it is now evident that there are numerous novel taxa awaiting to be described as new freshwater habitats are explored. An update of newly discovered taxa in the widely studied freshwater habitats of Thailand over the last five years is also provided.

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          RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies

          Motivation: Phylogenies are increasingly used in all fields of medical and biological research. Moreover, because of the next-generation sequencing revolution, datasets used for conducting phylogenetic analyses grow at an unprecedented pace. RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) is a popular program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood. Since the last RAxML paper in 2006, it has been continuously maintained and extended to accommodate the increasingly growing input datasets and to serve the needs of the user community. Results: I present some of the most notable new features and extensions of RAxML, such as a substantial extension of substitution models and supported data types, the introduction of SSE3, AVX and AVX2 vector intrinsics, techniques for reducing the memory requirements of the code and a plethora of operations for conducting post-analyses on sets of trees. In addition, an up-to-date 50-page user manual covering all new RAxML options is available. Availability and implementation: The code is available under GNU GPL at https://github.com/stamatak/standard-RAxML. Contact: alexandros.stamatakis@h-its.org Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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            AMPLIFICATION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING OF FUNGAL RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES FOR PHYLOGENETICS

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              MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.

              MrBayes 3 performs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis combining information from different data partitions or subsets evolving under different stochastic evolutionary models. This allows the user to analyze heterogeneous data sets consisting of different data types-e.g. morphological, nucleotide, and protein-and to explore a wide variety of structured models mixing partition-unique and shared parameters. The program employs MPI to parallelize Metropolis coupling on Macintosh or UNIX clusters.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                J Fungi (Basel)
                J Fungi (Basel)
                jof
                Journal of Fungi
                MDPI
                2309-608X
                05 February 2021
                February 2021
                : 7
                : 2
                : 117
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; mscalabon@ 123456up.edu.ph (M.S.C.); saranyaphat.boo@ 123456mfu.ac.th (S.B.)
                [2 ]School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
                [3 ]Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; torperadgj@ 123456gmail.com
                [4 ]Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; j_hammochi@ 123456hotmail.com (M.D.); scboi009@ 123456gmail.com (S.L.)
                [5 ]Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
                [6 ]CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
                [7 ]Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
                [8 ]Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: kdhyde3@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-1876
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-3637
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-414X
                Article
                jof-07-00117
                10.3390/jof7020117
                7914987
                33562556
                be843f99-506c-421e-9770-6dce9094f760
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 29 December 2020
                : 30 January 2021
                Categories
                Article

                6 new taxa,aquatic fungi,dothideomycetes,freshwater fungi,multi-loci phylogenetic analyses,neoxylomyces,sordariomycetes,tropical mycology

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