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      Taorong-type Baijiu starter: Analysis of fungal community and metabolic characteristics of middle-temperature Daqu and high-temperature Daqu

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          Abstract

          To study the difference between the fungal community compositional and fragrance components in medium- and high-Temperature Taorong-type Baijiu Daqu. The microbial communities and fragrance components of Taorong-type Baijiu Daqu were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS). With an abundance at the phylum and genus levels ≥0.01% as the threshold, 3 phyla, Mucoromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, were found in both medium- and high-temperature Daqu, but their abundances differed. At the genus level, 15 and 13 genera were recognized. Rhizopus (72.40%) and Thermomyces (53.32%) accounted for the most significant proportions in medium-temperature and high-temperature Daqu, respectively. Medium-temperature Daqu and high-temperature Daqu were found to have 40 and 29 fragrance components, respectively and contained the highest proportions of pyrazines (53.12%) and acids (32.68%). Correlation analyses between microbes and fragrance components showed that Aspergillus, Hyphopichia, Trichosporon, Alternaria were all highly and positively correlated with pyrazines, but the dominant fungal communities were highly correlated with only a few individual acid compounds but not with acid compounds overall. The unique Daqu -making process and environment lead to these differences.

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          Correlation between volatile profiles and microbial communities: A metabonomic approach to study Jiang-flavor liquor Daqu

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            Saliva microbiomes distinguish caries-active from healthy human populations.

            The etiology of dental caries remains elusive because of our limited understanding of the complex oral microbiomes. The current methodologies have been limited by insufficient depth and breadth of microbial sampling, paucity of data for diseased hosts particularly at the population level, inconsistency of sampled sites and the inability to distinguish the underlying microbial factors. By cross-validating 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based and whole-genome-based deep-sequencing technologies, we report the most in-depth, comprehensive and collaborated view to date of the adult saliva microbiomes in pilot populations of 19 caries-active and 26 healthy human hosts. We found that: first, saliva microbiomes in human population were featured by a vast phylogenetic diversity yet a minimal organismal core; second, caries microbiomes were significantly more variable in community structure whereas the healthy ones were relatively conserved; third, abundance changes of certain taxa such as overabundance of Prevotella Genus distinguished caries microbiota from healthy ones, and furthermore, caries-active and normal individuals carried different arrays of Prevotella species; and finally, no 'caries-specific' operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, yet 147 OTUs were 'caries associated', that is, differentially distributed yet present in both healthy and caries-active populations. These findings underscored the necessity of species- and strain-level resolution for caries prognosis, and were consistent with the ecological hypothesis where the shifts in community structure, instead of the presence or absence of particular groups of microbes, underlie the cariogenesis.
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              Exploring the impacts of raw materials and environments on the microbiota in Chinese Daqu starter

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – original draft
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                4 October 2022
                2022
                : 17
                : 10
                : e0274881
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Food and Biological Engineering(Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
                [2 ] Postdoctoral Programme, Henan Yangshao Distillery Co., Ltd., Mianchi, China
                [3 ] School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
                [4 ] Henan Liquor Style Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
                [5 ] Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Liquor Brewing Microbial Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
                [6 ] College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
                [7 ] Henan Food Industry Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
                Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, MEXICO
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-5861
                Article
                PONE-D-22-11830
                10.1371/journal.pone.0274881
                9531834
                36194604
                bea95ecb-fff9-41fc-b2dd-0974dbeb63cb
                © 2022 Liu et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 24 April 2022
                : 6 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: the Key Subject Projects of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy
                Award ID: C3060020
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Henan Province of China
                Award ID: 202102110130
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province of China
                Award ID: 181100211400
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: the Scientific Research Foundation for Docotors of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy
                Award ID: 2018HNUAHEDF011
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Henan Province of China (202102110130), Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province of China (181100211400), the Scientific Research Foundation for Docotors of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy (2018HNUAHEDF011) and the Key Subject Projects of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy(C3060020). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Fungi
                Fungal Molds
                Aspergillus
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Compounds
                Organic Compounds
                Alcohols
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Organic Chemistry
                Organic Compounds
                Alcohols
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Metabolism
                Metabolic Processes
                Fermentation
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Compounds
                Esters
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Molecular Biology
                Molecular Biology Techniques
                Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
                Polymerase Chain Reaction
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Molecular Biology Techniques
                Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
                Polymerase Chain Reaction
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Fungal Pathogens
                Alternaria
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Fungal Pathogens
                Alternaria
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Mycology
                Fungal Pathogens
                Alternaria
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Fungal Pathogens
                Trichosporon
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Fungal Pathogens
                Trichosporon
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Mycology
                Fungal Pathogens
                Trichosporon
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Compounds
                Phenols
                Custom metadata
                Relevant raw data has been uploaded to NCBI database and the accession numbers is PRJNA861706.

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                Uncategorized

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