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      Malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar de tipo II: presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura Translated title: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation type II: case report and review

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar, antes llamada malformación adenomatoidea quística, es una alteración en el desarrollo de las vías respiratorias terminales, falta de desarrollo alveolar y organización inadecuada del mesénquima pulmonar. Se trata de lesiones hamartromatosas que incluso pueden llegar a comprimir y repercutir en el desarrollo de los órganos vecinos. Es poco frecuente, tiene una incidencia de 1:25,000-35,000 y corresponde al 25% de las malformaciones congénitas pulmonares. La causa subyacente es desconocida. La anomalía se atribuye sobre todo a un defecto de maduración, en especial por la detención en la fase pseudoglandular (semana 7-17 de gestación) generando una hiperplasia compensatoria con remplazo del tejido pulmonar por quistes de tamaño y distribución variable. Se puede realizar el diagnóstico in utero por ultrasonido. Las manifestaciones clínicas varían, desde dificultad respiratoria severa con muerte neonatal hasta lesiones asintomáticas. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica por toracotomía o toracoscopia. La clasificación de Stocker describe cinco tipos. La malformación de la vía aérea pulmonar tipo II es infrecuente y representa sólo 10-15% de los casos. Se presenta un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, formerly called cystic adenomatoid malformation is an alteration in the development of airway terminals, lack of alveolar development and inadequate organization of lung mesenchyme. It is an hamartromal injurie that may even compress and affect the development of neighboring organs. It is rare, with an incidence of 1:25,000 to 35,000 and corresponds to 25% of pulmonary congenital malformations. The underlying cause is unknown. The anomaly is mainly attributed to a maturation defect, specifically the arrest in pseudoglandular phase (weeks 7-17 of gestation) generating a compensatory hyperplasia with replacement of lung tissue by cysts of varying size and distribution. It can be diagnosed in utero by ultrasound. Clinical manifestations range from severe respiratory distress with neonatal death until asymptomatic lesions. The surgical resection by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy are the elective treatment. Stocker classification describes 5 types. The Congenital pulmonary airway malformation type II is rare and represents only 10-15% of cases, so a clinical case report and a literature review is presented.

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          Management of Fetal Lung Lesions

          Prenatal diagnosis provides insight into the in utero evolution of fetal thoracic lesions such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), congenital lobar emphysema, and mediastinal teratoma. Serial sonographic study of fetuses with thoracic lesions has helped define the natural history of these lesions, determine the pathophysiologic features that affect clinical outcome, and formulate management based on prognosis.
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            The pathology of congenital lung lesions.

            The spectrum of complications associated with congenital lung malformation is wide. They can range from fetal hydrops in utero to postnatal problems of ventilation, obstruction and infection; presentation may occur from the neonatal period to adulthood. Many lesions will remain asymptomatic while at the other end of the complication spectrum, there is a small risk of neoplasia associated with some forms of cystic lung. A better understanding of the pathology has shown that bronchial atresia/obstruction is the likely hidden pathology underlying many congenital lung lesions leading to downstream cystic maldevelopment. Earlier diagnosis has led to increasing difficulties in ascribing malformations to conventional categories that were originally described in postnatal lungs. It is probably more important to be aware of the potential combination of vascular and airway connections and complications than to try and prescribe a classification of pulmonary lesions associated with rigid definitions.
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              Malformaciones pulmonares congénitas actualización y tratamiento

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nct
                Neumología y cirugía de tórax
                Neumol. cir. torax
                Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.
                0028-3746
                June 2016
                : 75
                : 2
                : 155-160
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Infantil de Especialidades del Estado de Chihuahua México
                Article
                S0028-37462016000200155
                beffbb41-5e85-42d2-8efe-46eafd849744

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                Allergy
                Critical Care Medicine
                Respiratory System

                Emergency medicine & Trauma,Immunology,Respiratory medicine
                Malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar,Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation,congenital cystic lung malformation,lung cyst,surgery,thoracotomy,malformación adenomatoidea quística,quiste pulmonar,cirugía,toracotomía

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