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      Correlation of Venous Oxygen Saturations from Noninvasive Hematocrit Monitoring Using Blood Gas Measured Oximetry in Chronic Pediatric Hemodialysis Patients

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Noninvasive hematocrit monitoring (NIVHM) during pediatric hemodialysis (pedHD) provides data in real time regarding changes in hematocrit and blood volume and also provides venous oxygen saturations. The latter has been proposed to indicate changes in tissue oxygen consumption. It is not known how well NIVHM oxygen saturations (O2sat) approximate blood gas measured oximetry saturation (mO2sat) in the course of pedHD. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of NIVHM O2sat compared to mO2sat. Methods: This is a prospective study in 15 patients <21 years old with >90 days on hemodialysis (HD) without congenital heart disease. HD access was fistula (AVF) in 4 patients and tunneled catheters in the remainder. Pulse oximetry (spO2) was continuously monitored; mO2sat was measured via oximetry in a blood gas analyzer and NIVHM O2sat values collected at the start, middle, and end of HD treatment. Results: A total of 45 dyad measurements were obtained. NIVHM O2sat correlated well with mO2sat ( R = 0.89, p < 0.0001); the same was seen at pre, mid, and post HD time points ( R = 0.86–0.95, p < 0.001). NIVHM O2sat was lower than mO2sat; with catheter as access, the difference was 9.3 ± 8.6 (CI: 12.3–6.22, p < 0.0001) and with AVF was 2.1 ± 0.78 (CI: 2.6–1.7, p < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated the difference but did not show any systematic bias. Continuous monitor of spO2 showed no hypoxia. Discussion/Conclusion: Intradialytic NIVHM O2sat correlates well with mO2sat but yield lower values. Future studies can include NIVHM O2sat changes as a surrogate for central venous O2 saturation changes and potentially yield useful information regarding tissue oxygen consumption in pedHD patients.

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          Most cited references 15

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          Continuous central venous and pulmonary artery oxygen saturation monitoring in the critically ill.

           D L Bredle,  Christiane Hartog,  Konrad Reinhart … (2004)
          To compare the course of continuously measured mixed and central venous O(2) saturations in high-risk patients and to evaluate the impact of various factors that might interfere with reflection spectrophotometry. Prospective, descriptive study in the interdisciplinary ICU of a university hospital. 32 critically ill patients with triple-lumen central vein catheters, including 29 patients requiring pulmonary artery catheterization. The accuracy of fiberoptic measurements was assessed by comparison to reference co-oximeter results at regular intervals. We examined the effect on measurement accuracy of physiological variables including hematocrit, hemoglobin, pH, temperature, and the administration of various solutions via central venous catheter. Continuous parallel measurements of SvO(2) and ScvO(2) were performed in patients with each type of catheters over a total observation time of 1097 h. ScvO(2) values were more accurate and stable than in vitro oximeter measurements ( r=0.96 from 150 samples, mean difference 0.15%, average drift 0.10%/day) and was not significantly affected by synchronous infusion therapy or by changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, pH, or temperature. ScvO(2) values closely paralleled SvO(2), whether measured in vitro ( r=0.88 from 150 samples) or in vivo ( r=0.81 from 395,128 samples) but averaged about 7+/-4 saturation percentage higher. ScvO(2) changed in parallel in 90% of the 1,498 instances in which SvO(2) changed more than 5% (over an average of 43 min). Continuous fiberoptic measurement of central vein O(2) saturation has potential to be a reliable and convenient tool which could rapidly warn of acute change in the oxygen supply/demand ratio of critically ill patients.
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            Use of central venous oxygen saturation to guide therapy.

             Keith Walley (2011)
            The use of pulmonary artery catheters has diminished, so that other technologies are emerging. Central venous oxygen saturation measurement (ScvO₂) as a surrogate for mixed venous oxygen saturation measurement (SvO₂) is simple and clinically accessible. To maximize the clinical utility of ScvO₂ (or SvO₂) measurement, it is useful to review what the measurement means in a physiologic context,how the measurement is made, important limitations, and how this measurement may be helpful in common clinical scenarios. Compared with cardiac output measurement, SvO₂ is more directly related to tissue oxygenation. Furthermore,when tissue oxygenation is a clinical concern, SvO₂ is less prone to error compared with cardiac output, where small measurement errors may lead to larger errors in interpreting adequacy of oxygen delivery. ScvO₂ should be measured from the tip of a central venous catheter placed close to, or within, the right atrium to reduce measurement error. Correct clinical interpretation of SvO₂, or its properly measured ScvO₂ surrogate, can be used to (1) estimate cardiac output using the Fick equation, (2) better understand whether a patient's oxygen delivery is adequate to meet their oxygen demands, (3) help guide clinical practice, particularly when resuscitating patients using validated early goal directed therapy treatment protocols, (4) understand and treat arterial hypoxemia, and (5) rapidly estimate shunt fraction (venous admixture).
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              Venous oximetry.

               Konrad Reinhart,  Frank Bloos (2005)
              Article 0 comments Cited 16 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Title: Blood Purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2020
                Publication date (Print): November 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 July 2020
                Volume: 49
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 665-669
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Pediatrics, Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
                bDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine Chemistry and Point of Care, Houston, Texas, USA
                cDepartment of Pediatrics, Critical Care Section, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
                Author notes
                *Alexandra Idrovo, Department of Pediatrics, Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine/, Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Avenue, suite 245, Houston 77030 (USA), acidrovo@gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 508059 Other ID: Blood Purif 2020;49:665–669
                DOI: 10.1159/000508059
                PubMed ID: 32640449
                Copyright statement: © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Pages: 5
                Product
                Self URI (application/pdf): https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/508059
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology

                Keywords: Noninvasive hematocrit monitoring, Pediatrics, Hemodialysis, Correlation, Saturation

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