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      Sensibilidade de Enterobacteriaceae da microbiota intestinal de frangos de corte submetidos à dieta com nitrofuranos Translated title: Enterobacteriaceae sensitivity of the broiler intestinal microbiota submitted to nifrofurans diet

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho é detectar a sensibilidade de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae a diferentes antimicrobianos em frangos de corte submetidos à dieta com nitrofuranos. Para avaliar a sensibilidade foram isoladas e identificadas colônias da microbiota intestinal em frangos de corte. Os gêneros de maior frequência foram Escherichia e Klebsiella, seguidos de Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Hafnia, Proteus, Morganella, além do gênero Citrobacter. Todos os isolados apresentaram resistência a dois ou mais antimicrobianos com diferentes perfis de resistência. Observou-se grande resistência aos nitrofuranos, especialmente a nitrofurantoína (100%), nitrofurazona (98,5%) e furaltadona (97,8%). Em relação às outras classes de antimicrobianos, a maior resistência foi a tetraciclina (92,5%) e a maior sensibilidade a amoxicilina/ácído clavulânico (48,1%). Não foi possível afirmar que a alta resistência aos nitrofuranos detectados nos isolados fecais foi devido ao uso destes antimicrobianos na ração. A resistência à tetraciclina e nitrofuranos reafirma a importância da não utilização destes fármacos em criações avícolas.

          Translated abstract

          In this study, we aimed to detect the sensitivity of the Enterobacteriacea to different antimicrobials in broilers submitted to a nitrofurans diet. To evaluate this sensitivity, colonies of the broiler intestinal microbiota have been isolated and identified. The most frequent genera found have been Escherichia and Klebsiella, followed by Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Hafnia, Proteus, Morganella and further Citrobacter. All isolates have presented resistance to two or more antimicrobials with different resistance level profiles. Resistance to nitrofurans, especially nitrofurantoin (100%), nitrofurazone (98.5%), and furaltadone (97.8%) has been observed. Concerning other antimicrobials classes, the higher resistance has been to tetracycline (92.5%) and the lower sensitivity, to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (48.1%). It has not been possible to assert that the high resistance to the nitrofurans detected in the fecal isolates is due to the usage of these antimicrobials in the feed. The resistance to tetracycline and nitrofurans reaffirms the importance of not using of these drugs in poultry breeding

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          Most cited references42

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          Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human healt.

          D Barton (2000)
          Antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease in man is an issue of major concern. Although misuse of antibiotics in human medicine is the principal cause of the problem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating in animals are contributory factors, with some types of resistance in some species of bacteria. Antibiotics are added to animal feeds to treat and prevent infections and to improve growth and production. Until recently, the major concerns about incorporation of antibiotics in animal feeds related to antibiotic residues in products from treated animals. Although, in 1969, the Swann (1969) report drew attention to the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria to spread from treated animals via the food chain, there was little response until the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in animals fed a related glycopeptide, avoparcin. Subsequently, attention started to focus on the issue and other examples of transfer of resistant bacteria through the food chain, such as enterococci resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin or to everninomicin, fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacters and multiresistant Escherichia coli, and salmonella such as Salmonella typhimurium DT104. Reviews and committees in many countries have highlighted the need for better control of licensing of antibiotics, and codes for prudent use of antibiotics by veterinary practitioners and farmers. The continued use of antibiotic growth promoters has been questioned and there is a need to ensure that antibiotics important in human medicine are not used therapeutically or prophylactically in animals.
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            Veterinary use and antibiotic resistance.

            M Teuber (2001)
            Globally, an estimated 50% of all antimicrobials serve veterinary purposes. Bacteria that inevitably develop antibiotic resistance in animals comprise food-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and commensal bacteria. The same antibiotic resistance genes and gene transfer mechanisms can be found in the microfloras of animals and humans. Direct contact, food and water link animal and human habitats. The accumulation of resistant bacteria by the use of antibiotics in agriculture and veterinary medicine and the spread of such bacteria via agriculture and direct contamination are documented.
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              Nitrofuran antibiotics: a review on the application, prohibition and residual analysis

              Nitrofuran antibiotics, employed for the treatment of bacterial diseases in livestock production, were banned from use in the European Union (EU) in 1995 due to concerns about the carcinogenicity of their residues in edible tissue. This review provides an overview of nitrofuran toxicity, metabolism, and also specific aspects of legislation surrounding their prohibition. Special attention is devoted to semicarbazide – a nitrofuran metabolite and food contaminant. Analytical procedures for nitrofuran analysis in various matrices and validation requirements for screening and confirmation methods with respect to EU regulations are also reviewed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rca
                Revista de Ciências Agrárias
                Rev. de Ciências Agrárias
                Sociedade de Ciências Agrárias de Portugal (Lisboa )
                0871-018X
                January 2013
                : 36
                : 1
                : 41-47
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto Federal Fluminense Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                Article
                S0871-018X2013000100007
                bf173293-4d58-4b00-842a-13278bb7e08b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0871-018X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Antimicrobials,Enterobacteriaceae,nitrofurans,sensitivity,Antimicrobianos,nitrofuranos,sensibilidade

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