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      Duck Hunters’ Perceptions of Risk for Avian Influenza, Georgia, USA

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          Abstract

          To determine duck hunters’ risk for highly pathogenic avian influenza, we surveyed duck hunters in Georgia, USA, during 2007–2008, about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. We found they engage in several practices that could expose them to the virus. Exposures and awareness were highest for those who had hunted >10 years.

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          Survival of influenza viruses on environmental surfaces.

          Marnie L. Peterson, D Gerding, Henry Balfour … (1982)
          To investigate the transmission of influenza viruses via hands and environmental surfaces, the survival of laboratory-grown influenza A and influenza B viruses on various surfaces was studied. Both influenza A and B viruses survived for 24-48 hr on hard, nonporous surfaces such as stainless steel and plastic but survived for less than 8-12 hr on cloth, paper, and tissues. Measurable quantities of influenza A virus were transferred from stainless steel surfaces to hands for 24 hr and from tissues to hands for up to 15 min. Virus survived on hands for up to 5 min after transfer from the environmental surfaces. These observations suggest that the transmission of virus from donors who are shedding large amounts could occur for 2-8 hr via stainless steel surfaces and for a few minutes via paper tissues. Thus, under conditions of heavy environmental contamination, the transmission of influenza virus via fomites may be possible.
          Article 0 comments Cited 141 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Persistence of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses in water.

            David E. Stallknecht, Lynne Burns, Amber Cooper … (2007)
            Although fecal-oral transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIV) via contaminated water represents a recognized mechanism for transmission within wild waterfowl populations, little is known about viral persistence in this medium. In order to provide initial data on persistence of H5 and H7 AIVs in water, we evaluated eight wild-type low-pathogenicity H5 and H7 AIVs isolated from species representing the two major influenza reservoirs (Anseriformes and Charadriiformes). In addition, the persistence of two highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses from Asia was examined to provide some insight into the potential for these viruses to be transmitted and maintained in the environments of wild bird populations. Viruses were tested at two temperatures (17 C and 28 C) and three salinity levels (0, 15, and 30 parts per thousand sea salt). The wild-type H5 and H7 AIV persistence data to date indicate the following: 1) that H5 and H7 AIVs can persist for extended periods of time in water, with a duration of infectivity comparable to AIVs of other subtypes; 2) that the persistence of H5 and H7 AIVs is inversely proportional to temperature and salinity of water; and 3) that a significant interaction exists between the effects of temperature and salinity on the persistence of AIV, with the effect of salinity more prominent at lower temperatures. Results from the two HPAI H5N1 viruses from Asia indicate that these viruses did not persist as long as the wild-type AIVs.
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              Genetic evidence of intercontinental movement of avian influenza in a migratory bird: the northern pintail (Anas acuta).

              Anson Koehler, John M. Pearce, Paul Flint … (2008)
              The role of migratory birds in the movement of the highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza H5N1 remains a subject of debate. Testing hypotheses regarding intercontinental movement of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses will help evaluate the potential that wild birds could carry Asian-origin strains of HP avian influenza to North America during migration. Previous North American assessments of LPAI genetic variation have found few Asian reassortment events. Here, we present results from whole-genome analyses of LPAI isolates collected in Alaska from the northern pintail (Anas acuta), a species that migrates between North America and Asia. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the genetic divergence between Asian and North American strains of LPAI, but also suggested inter-continental virus exchange and at a higher frequency than previously documented. In 38 isolates from Alaska, nearly half (44.7%) had at least one gene segment more closely related to Asian than to North American strains of LPAI. Additionally, sequences of several Asian LPAI isolates from GenBank clustered more closely with North American northern pintail isolates than with other Asian origin viruses. Our data support the role of wild birds in the intercontinental transfer of influenza viruses, and reveal a higher degree of transfer in Alaska than elsewhere in North America.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): August 2010
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1279-1281
                Affiliations
                [1]Georgia Department of Community Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (H. Dishman, D. Cole)
                [2]University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (D. Stallknecht, D. Cole)
                [1 ]Current affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Hope Dishman, Acute Disease Epidemiology Section, Georgia Department of Community Health, Suite 14-216, 2 Peachtree St NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; email: hodishman@ 123456dhr.state.ga.us
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10-0032
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1608.100032
                PMC ID: 3298320
                PubMed ID: 20678324
                SO-VID: bf189fa9-2246-4097-96b6-b839141b003a
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: georgia,dispatch,attitudes,influenza,viruses,influenza a virus,and practice,duck hunter knowledge
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: georgia, dispatch, attitudes, influenza, viruses, influenza a virus, and practice, duck hunter knowledge

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