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      Tracking epidermal nerve fiber changes in Asian macaques: tools and techniques for quantitative assessment

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          Abstract

          Quantitative assessment of epidermal nerve fibers (ENF) has become a widely used clinical tool for the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathies such as diabetic neuropathy and human immunodeficiency virus associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN). To model and investigate the pathogenesis of HIV-SN using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected Asian macaques, we adapted the skin biopsy and immunostaining techniques currently employed in human patients, and then developed two unbiased image analysis techniques for quantifying ENF in macaque footpad skin. This report provides detailed descriptions of these tools and techniques for ENF assessment in macaques and outlines important experimental considerations that we have identified in the course of our long-term studies. Although initially developed for studies of HIV-SN in the SIV-infected macaque model, these methods could be readily translated to a range of studies involving peripheral nerve degeneration and neurotoxicity in non-human primates, as well as preclinical investigations of agents aimed at neuroprotection and regeneration.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          7905907
          7328
          Toxicol Pathol
          Toxicol Pathol
          Toxicologic pathology
          0192-6233
          1533-1601
          29 April 2016
          27 May 2016
          August 2016
          01 August 2017
          : 44
          : 6
          : 904-912
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, Maryland
          [2 ]Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland
          [3 ]Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, Maryland
          Author notes
          Corresponding Author: Joseph Mankowski, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, Phone: 443-287-2953, jmankows@ 123456jhmi.edu
          [*]

          Current affiliation for Victoria Laast is Covance Pharmaceutical Research and Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.. Shanghai, China

          [**]

          Current affiliation for Peter Hauer is University of Utah, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT

          Article
          PMC4965306 PMC4965306 4965306 nihpa782129
          10.1177/0192623316650286
          4965306
          27235324
          bf327e6b-063c-49e2-a8cd-3ec547bf7ee0
          History
          Categories
          Article

          stereology,PGP 9.5,nervous system,nonhuman primate,peripheral neuropathy,epidermal nerve fibers,image analysis

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