North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

Abstract

North-Western Palaearctic species of PristiphoraLatreille, 1810 are revised. Altogether, 90 species are treated, two of which are described as new: P.caraganaeVikberg & Prous, sp. n.from Finland and P.dedearaListon & Prous, sp. n.from Germany. Host plant of P.caraganaeis CaraganaarborescensLam. Pristiphoradasiphorae(Zinovjev, 1993) (previously known from East Palaearctic) and P.cadmaWong & Ross, 1960 (previously known from North America) are recorded for the first time from Europe. NematusnigricansEversmann, 1847 [= Pristiphoranigricans(Eversmann, 1847), comb. n.], N.breviusculusEversmann, 1847 [= Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837)], and N.caudalisEversmann, 1847 [= E.caudalis(Eversmann, 1847), comb. n.] are removed from synonymy with P.pallidiventris(Fallén, 1808), N.paralellusHartig, 1840 [= P.paralella(Hartig, 1840), comb. n.] is removed from synonymy with P.bufo(Brischke, 1883), and P.mesatlanticaLacourt, 1976 is removed from synonymy with P.insularisRohwer, 1910. The following 29 new synonymies are proposed: P.nigropuncticepsHaris, 2002, syn. n.with P.albitibia(Costa, 1859); LygaeonematuskarvoneniLindqvist, 1952, syn. n.with P.alpestris(Konow, 1903); P. (P.) anivskiensis Haris, 2006, syn. n.with P.appendiculata(Hartig, 1837); NematuscanaliculatusHartig, 1840, syn. nwith P.carinata(Hartig, 1837); P.nigrogroenblomiHaris, 2002, syn. n.with P.cinctaNewman, 1837; TenthredoflavipesZetterstedt, 1838, syn. n., NematuscongenerW.F. Kirby, 1882, syn. n., and P.thomsoniLindqvist, 1953, syn. n.with P.dochmocera(Thomson, 1871); P.atrataLindqvist, 1975, syn. n.with P.friesei(Konow, 1904); P.gelidaWong, 1968, syn. n.with P.frigida(Boheman, 1865); PachynematusnigricorpusTakagi, 1931, syn. n.with P.laricis(Hartig, 1837); Nematus (Pikonema) piceae Zhelochovtsev in Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev, 1988, syn. n.and P. (P.) hoverlaensis Haris, 2001, syn. n.with P.leucopodia(Hartig, 1837); MesoneuraarcticaLindqvist, 1959, syn. n., PachynematusincisusLindqvist, 1970, syn. n., PachynematusintermediusVerzhutskii, 1974, syn. n., and P.mongololaricisHaris, 2003, syn. n.with P.malaisei(Lindqvist, 1952); NematusanderschiZaddach, 1876, syn. n., P.inocreataKonow, 1902, syn. n., and P.discolorLindqvist, 1975, syn. n.with P.nigricans(Eversmann, 1847); LygaeonematustenuicornisLindqvist, 1955, syn. n.with P.paralella(Hartig, 1840); LygaeonematusconcolorLindqvist, 1952, syn. n.with P.pseudocoactula(Lindqvist, 1952); P.flavipictaLindqvist, 1975, syn. n., P.flavopleuraHaris, 2002, syn. n., P.mongoloexiguaHaris, 2002, syn. n., and P.mongolofaustaHaris, 2003, syn. n.with P.punctifrons(Thomson, 1871); P.listoniLacourt, 1998, syn. n.with P.sootryeniLindqvist, 1955; P.gaunitziLindqvist, 1968, syn. n.with P.testacea(Jurine, 1807); and NematusbreviusculusEversmann, 1847, syn. n.with Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837). The valid name of Pachynematus (Pikonema) carpathiensis Haris, 2001 is Nematinuscarpathiensis(Haris, 2001) comb. n.Lectotypes are designated for 43 taxa. An illustrated electronic key made with Lucid and a traditional dichotomous key are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Species belonging to the carinata(previously Lygaeotus), micronematica(previously Lygaeophora), and rufipes(also known as thalictrior aquilegiae) groups are not keyed to the species level, because additional research is needed to delimit the species more reliably in these groups. Phylogeny of Pristiphorais reconstructed based on one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (NaK and TPI) genes. Remarkably, around 50–60% (depending on the exclusion or inclusion of the carinata, micronematica, and rufipesgroups) of the species cannot be reliably identified based on COI barcodes. Limited data from nuclear genes indicate a better identification potential (about 20% remain problematic).