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      Retracted: A Family of Optimal Multiple-Weight Optical Orthogonal Codes for Fiber-Optic Networks

      retraction
      Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation The presence of these indicators undermines our confidence in the integrity of the article's content and we cannot, therefore, vouch for its reliability. Please note that this notice is intended solely to alert readers that the content of this article is unreliable. We have not investigated whether authors were aware of or involved in the systematic manipulation of the publication process. Wiley and Hindawi regrets that the usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication and have since put additional measures in place to safeguard research integrity. We wish to credit our own Research Integrity and Research Publishing teams and anonymous and named external researchers and research integrity experts for contributing to this investigation. The corresponding author, as the representative of all authors, has been given the opportunity to register their agreement or disagreement to this retraction. We have kept a record of any response received.

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          A Family of Optimal Multiple-Weight Optical Orthogonal Codes for Fiber-Optic Networks

          Optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) were designed for multimedia optical CDMA systems with quality of service requirements in optical fiber networks. Two-dimensional (2-D) multiple-weight optical orthogonal codes have been invested as they can overcome the drawbacks of nonlinear effects in large spreading sequences. In this paper, we reveal the combinatorial properties of optimal 2-D OOCs and focus our attention on the constructions for a family of optimal 2-D multiple-weight optical orthogonal codes by combinatorial methods, such as incomplete difference matrix, h-perfect cyclic packing, and skew starter. In particular, an improved construction of skew starters with multiple weights is also proposed to solve the existence of optimal multiple-weight optical orthogonal codes. Our numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed construction is very helpful for optimizing the utilization of optical network effectively.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            Comput Intell Neurosci
            Comput Intell Neurosci
            cin
            Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
            Hindawi
            1687-5265
            1687-5273
            2023
            19 July 2023
            19 July 2023
            : 2023
            : 9837897
            Affiliations
            Article
            10.1155/2023/9837897
            10371500
            bf548c23-d463-4d9d-988d-301b9e9d2f98
            Copyright © 2023 Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience.

            This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

            History
            : 18 July 2023
            : 18 July 2023
            Categories
            Retraction

            Neurosciences
            Neurosciences

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