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      Fatores de risco para diárreia persistente em lactentes Translated title: Risk factors to persistent diarrhea in infants

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          Abstract

          RACIONAL: A diarréia persistente é uma doença multicausal. A análise do risco para o prolongamento do quadro diarréico envolve variáveis ambientais, biológicas e do manejo clínico. OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco para a diarréia persistente em crianças hospitalizadas na fase aguda do quadro diarréico. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi do tipo caso-controle. A amostra consistiu de 216 crianças menores de 24 meses hospitalizadas por diarréia de início abrupto, no Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco, Recife, PE. O grupo de casos incluiu as crianças com diarréia persistente e o de controles aquelas com diarréia aguda. Foram analisadas variáveis socioeconômicas, biológicas, de morbidade anterior, clínicas e do manejo terapêutico prévio à admissão. Utilizou-se o odds ratio não ajustado e ajustado, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%, observando-se o nível de significância de 5%. A análise multivariada foi feita através de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: O risco de persistência da diarréia foi maior nas crianças com: disenteria, febre no início do quadro, dieta suspensa e uso de antibiótico à admissão hospitalar. O risco de diarréia persistente foi cerca de três vezes maior para crianças sem geladeira no domicílio e que apresentavam hiperemia perianal ao exame físico na admissão hospitalar, sendo estas as variáveis que apresentaram significância estatística após o ajuste para fatores de confusão. CONCLUSÕES: A melhoria das condições ambientais e o manejo adequado e individualizado da criança hospitalizada por diarréia pode contribuir para a redução da morbidade da doença.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: Persistent diarrhea is a multicausal disease. The analysis of risk factors for persistent diarrhea includes environmental and biological variables as well as therapeutical management. AIM: To identify risk factors for persistent diarrhea among children hospitalized with acute diarrhea. PATIENT AND METHODS: This is a case-control study. The sample consisted of 212 infants under 24 months, hospitalized with acute diarrhea, at the "Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco", Recife, PE, Brazil. Cases were infants with persistent diarrhea and controls those with acute diarrhea. Cases and controls were compared to a series of socio-economic, biological and clinical variables, previous morbidities and therapeutic management prior to hospital admission. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio were used with the respective 95% confidence intervals. It was adopted the level of significance of 5%. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to control for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: The risk of persistent diarrhea was higher for infants with: dysentery, fever at the onset of diarrhea, fasting and taking antibiotics prior to hospital admission. The variables that showed the highest adjusted odds ratios for persistent diarrhea were infants living in households without refrigerator and perianal hyperemia at hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of environmental conditions and an adequate clinical management of diarrhea for hospitalized infants may contribute to the reduction of diarrhea morbidity.

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          Most cited references33

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          Principles of nutritional assesMSent

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            Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in the New Millennium

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              Nutritional effects and management of diarrhoea in infancy.

              The interactions between diarrhoeal disease and nutritional status are complex and synergistic. These are serious issues globally because they affect hundreds of millions of young children and annually cause > 3 million deaths in children aged under 5 y. Despite intensive field-based and laboratory studies over three decades, many questions remain unanswered about the causes, pathophysiology and best approaches to management and prevention of this "diarrhoea-malnutrition" syndrome. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) has been a major advance and has saved many lives from acute diarrhoea. However, persistent diarrhoea is now a major problem and is very significant because of its strong negative impacts on nutritional status and because persistent diarrhoea and dysentery are now major causes of infant and young child deaths. ORT provides clear and practical methods for replacement of fluid and electrolyte losses during diarrhoea. Rehydration salts can be made available as (i) a simple, easy-to-use package, complete with user instructions; (ii) cereal-based formulae based on widely available ingredients that can be prepared domestically or commercially; and (iii) home-made mixtures of sugar and salt which should be simple to prepare but are risky because of inadequate understanding about their preparation at home and the chance of mixing the ingredients inaccurately and giving them wrongly. Continuation and encouragement of breastfeeding is an important strategy to prevent and control diarrhoea and as part of its management. Early refeeding during diarrhoea is another important principle to help to reduce its duration, severity and its nutritional impacts. Supplementation with specific dietary ingredients, such as vitamin A, zinc and folate, is rather contentious and drug therapy is of little value unless specifically indicated. Some patients may require enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition but these require specialized equipment and skills that are usually beyond the reach of developing countries and infants and children who live in remote areas.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ag
                Arquivos de Gastroenterologia
                Arq. Gastroenterol.
                Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia - IBEPEGE (São Paulo )
                1678-4219
                December 2003
                : 40
                : 4
                : 239-246
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                Article
                S0004-28032003000400008
                10.1590/S0004-28032003000400008
                bf8472cc-2da4-4dda-bd5a-0bc32dc4f614

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2803&lng=en
                Categories
                GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

                Gastroenterology & Hepatology
                Diarrhea, infantile,Fatores de risco,Hiperemia,Risk factors,Hyperemia,Diarréia infantil

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