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      Clinical features, histopathological analysis and surgical treatment of a free floating vitreous cyst: a case report Translated title: Achados clínicos, análise histopatológica e tratamento cirúrgico de cisto livre no vítreo posterior: relato de caso

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          Abstract

          The authors present a report of a 44-year-old female patient, with complaints of visual disturbances in the left eye. The symptoms were present for at least 5 years and worsened in the last 2 years, impairing her activities. The patient reported perception of a floating circle, which blurred her vision. There was no previous history of trauma, infectious or inflammatory disease. Clinical evaluation included physical examination, laboratory testing, abdominal ultrasonography, thorax X-ray and head tomography. Ophthalmologic examination consisted of visual acuity, motility tests, biomicroscopy, tonometry and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Complementary investigation was done with a and b scan ocular ultrasonography. The chosen therapeutic approach to excise the cyst was pars plana vitrectomy, successfully performed. Anatomopathologic analysis revealed a pigmented vitreous cyst, of possible congenital origin, described as a cystic choristoma from the primitive hyaloid system. Benign evolution, clinical findings and histopathological analysis corroborated the diagnostic hypothesis of a cystic choristoma of the primitive hyaloid system. Surgery (pars plana vitrectomy) was successful and the patient returned with visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, and with no further complaints.

          Translated abstract

          Os autores apresentam relato de um caso de paciente de 44 anos, com história de dificuldade visual no olho esquerdo há 5 anos. A paciente referia a sensação de um círculo flutuando em sua visão. Os sintomas pioraram nos últimos dois anos, prejudicando suas atividades. Não havia história pessoal prévia de trauma ou de doença ocular inflamatória ou infecciosa. A avaliação clínica incluiu o exame físico, exames de laboratório, ultra-sonografia abdominal, radiografia de tórax e tomografia de crânio e o exame oftalmológico consistiu em medida de acuidade visual, testes de mobilidade, biomicroscopia, tonometria e oftalmoscopia indireta. Investigação complementar foi realizada com ultra-sonografia ocular (modo A e B). A terapêutica escolhida para exérese do cisto foi a vitrectomia via pars plana, que transcorreu sem complicações. A análise anatomopatológica revelou cisto do vítreo, pigmentado, de presumível etiologia congênita, compatível com coristoma cístico do sistema hialóide primitivo. A evolução benigna, os achados clínicos e a análise anatomopatológica reafirmam a hipótese diagnóstica de coristoma cístico do sistema hialóide primitivo. A intervenção cirúrgica (vitrectomia pars plana) obteve sucesso no tratamento da paciente, que retornou apresentando acuidade visual de 20/20 em ambos os olhos, sem outras queixas.

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          Most cited references10

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          Monolateral idiopathic cyst of the vitreous.

          The authors describe the case of a 58-year-old female patient that came to their observation for recurrent episode of transient blurred vision due to an idiopathic monolateral vitreal cyst localised in the posterior vitreous in the left eye. Patient evaluation included: best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, vitreo-retinal biomicroscopy, ultrasound examination, ultrabiomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography. The authors review the literature including the most recent reports regarding this rare condition.
            • Record: found
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            Treatment and histopathology of a congenital vitreous cyst.

            This study aimed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of a congenital vitreous cyst and to examine the cyst histopathologically to determine its cellular makeup and possible origin. The study design was a case report, including a clinicopathologic correlation. A 35-year-old woman with a known vitreous cyst since childhood became increasingly troubled by its symptoms. The cyst was treated initially with argon laser photocoagulation. Vitrectomy subsequently was performed because the deflated cyst remained near the visual axis. Histopathologic studies included light and electron microscopy; immunocytochemistry for actin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); and enzyme histochemistry for carbonic anhydrase (CA). The cyst was composed of a single layer of heavily pigmented cells with a thick basement membrane along the internal borders of the cells. Ultrastructurally, the cells were connected with tight junctions, had microvillous processes at their apices, and contained numerous large melanosomes in various stages of maturity, including premelanosomes. Immunochemistry showed the cells were positive for actin but negative for GFAP. Enzyme histochemical staining for CA also was strongly positive. The confinement of this cyst to the region of Cloquet's canal, the presence of a Mittendorf's dot, the cyst's existence for many years, and the finding of pigment epithelial-type cells having immature melanosomes (a feature not seen after birth in normal pigment epithelium) lead the authors to believe that this cyst was a congenital remnant of the primary hyaloidal system. Because pigmented cells are not normally present in this part of the eye, the cyst was a choristoma of the primary hyaloidal system.
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              Pigmented free-floating vitreous cysts in two young adults. Electron microscopic observations.

              Pigmented free-floating vitreous cysts were observed in two young adults. In both patients, the cyst was in the visual axis; however, the size and extent of pigmentation of the cyst wall compromised the visual acuity only in case 1. In this case, the vitreous cyst was aspirated through the pars plana and studied by light and electron microscopy. Histopathologically, the cyst was lined by a heavily pigmented layer of cuboidal cells intermixed with sheets of nonpigmented cells forming papillae. Ultrastructurally, the pigmented cells contained predominantly large, mature melanosomes (0.9-2.2 micron). Scattered immature melanosomes with a scarcity of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles were present. Additionally, the cells were invested by a thin polarized basement membrane and displayed apical microvilli. Numerous microvillous processes were noted under the plasmalemmae and between adjacent cells. The results of the light and ultrastructural studies provide support for the hypothesis that the cyst in case 1 originated from the pigment epithelium. The possibility of a traumatic etiology is proposed for these pigmented vitreous cysts. If significant visual impairment is present, surgical removal of the cyst through a pars plana approach can be safely performed as in our case 1.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2749
                1678-2925
                October 2006
                : 69
                : 5
                : 753-755
                Affiliations
                [01] Recife PE orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Brasil
                [02] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Brasil
                [03] Recife PE orgnameUFPE Brasil
                [05] Recife PE orgnameUFPE Brasil
                [04] Recife PE orgnameUFPE orgdiv1Hospital das Clínicas Brasil
                Article
                S0004-27492006000500026 S0004-2749(06)06900526
                bf87c7d1-7731-4868-96c7-b76df42fd491

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 December 2005
                : 20 January 2006
                : 31 July 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Case Reports

                Choristoma,Vitreous body,Vitrectomy,Corpo vítreo,Coristoma,Vitrectomia

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