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      Comparison of Intubating Conditions of Rocuronium Bromide and Vecuronium Bromide with Succinylcholine Using “Timing Principle”

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Rapid and safe endotracheal intubation is of paramount importance in general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the intubating conditions of succinylcholine with rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide using “Timing principle”. The timing principle entails administration of a single bolus dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, followed by an induction drug at the onset of clinical weakness.

          Patients & Methods:

          75 patients were divided into three groups of 25 each. Patients allocated to Groups A and B received rocuronium 0.6 mg kg -1 and vecuronium 0.12 mg kg -1 respectively. At the onset of clinical weakness (ptosis), anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg kg -1; intubation was accomplished after 60 seconds of induction agent in both groups. Patients in Group C received propofol 2.5mg kg -1 followed by succinylcholine 2mg kg -1 and their tracheas were intubated at 60s.Train of four count was assessed at adductor pollicis muscle using nerve stimulator at intubation and time to loss of TOF was observed. in group A and B. Intubating conditions were assessed according to a grading scale and haemodynamic variables were compared at 1,3 and 5 minutes after intubation.

          Results:

          Intubating conditions were either excellent(84% in group A,48% in group B and 88% in group C) or good (16% in group A, 48% in group B and 12 %in group C)and only 4% pt had poor intubating conditions in group B. Patients were interviewed postoperatively, and all were satisfied with the technique of induction of anesthesia.Rocuronium and Vecuronium are haemodynamically stable drugs as compared to Succinylcholine.

          Conclusion:

          Rocuronium 0.6 mg kg -1 provides good to excellent intubating conditions at 60 s comparable to succinylcholine after the induction of anesthesia using the timing principle.

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          Most cited references16

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          Tracheal intubation with rocuronium using the "timing principle".

          We compared the endotracheal intubating conditions after rocuronium, using the "timing principle," with those after succinylcholine. The timing principle entails administration of a single bolus dose of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, followed by an induction drug at the onset of clinical weakness. Forty-five patients were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients allocated to Groups 1 and 2 received rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. At the onset of clinical weakness (onset of ptosis), anesthesia was induced with thiopental 4-6 mg/kg; intubation was accomplished after 45 s in Group 1 and after 60 s in Group 2. Patients in Group 3 received vecuronium (0.01 mg/kg) 3 min before the administration of thiopental and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg, and their tracheas were intubated 60 s later by a blind anesthesiologist. Intubating conditions were assessed according to a grading scale and were either good (5 patients in Groups 1 and 2, 4 patients in Group 3) or excellent (10 patients in Groups 1 + 2, 11 patients in Group 3) in all patients. Patients were interviewed postoperatively, and all were satisfied with the induction of anesthesia. We conclude that rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg provides good to excellent intubating conditions 45 and 60 s after the induction of anesthesia using the timing principle. We compared the ease with which a breathing tube could be placed in patients using three techniques. The standard technique (succinylcholine) was compared with two others in which a muscle-relaxing drug (rocuronium) was administered just before the anesthetic drug (so-called timing principle). No difference among the techniques was observed.
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            Vecuronium neuromuscular blockade at the adductor muscles of the larynx and adductor pollicis.

            The differences between neuromuscular blockade of the adductor muscles of the vocal cords and the adductor pollicis were examined in 20 adult women anesthetized with fentanyl and propofol. Vecuronium 0.04 or 0.07 mg/kg was given as a single bolus by random allocation. The force of contraction of the adductor pollicis was recorded. Laryngeal response was measured as pressure changes in the cuff of the tracheal tube positioned between the vocal cords. Train-of-four stimulation was applied to the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the notch of the thyroid cartilage and to the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Neuromuscular blockade had a faster onset, was less intense, and recovered more rapidly at the vocal cords. With 0.04 mg/kg, maximum blockade of first twitch (T1) was 55 +/- 8 (mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) and 88 +/- 4% at the vocal cords and the adductor pollicis, respectively (P = 0.006). Onset time was 3.3 +/- 0.1 and 5.7 +/- 0.2 min, respectively (P = 0.000001), and time to 90% T1 recovery was 11.3 +/- 1.6 and 26.1 +/- 1.8 min, respectively (P = 0.001). With 0.07 mg/kg, onset time was unchanged; maximum blockade was more intense, being 88 +/- 4 and 98 +/- 1%, respectively (P = 0.04 between muscles); and time to 90% T1 recovery was 23.3 +/- 1.8 min at the vocal cords versus 40.3 +/- 2.9 min at the adductor pollicis (P = 0.001). Approximately 1.73 times as much vecuronium was required at the larynx compared with the dose required at the adductor pollicis for the same intensity of blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid-sequence induction using a variation of the timing principle.

              To determine if, using a variation of the "timing" principle, 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium can achieve an onset time and intubating conditions similar to those achieved with succinylcholine. Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical comparison. Operating room in a university medical center. 42 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery. All patients were fitted with a Grass FT-10 force transducer attached to the thumb. Supramaximal stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve with a variable current peripheral nerve stimulator. 22 patients (succinylcholine group) received a placebo bolus injection followed 20 seconds later by thiopental 4 to 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg; 20 additional patients (rocuronium group) received a bolus dose of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg followed 20 seconds later by thiopental 4 to 5 mg/kg and a placebo bolus injection. We measured the onset time from administration of the muscle relaxant to 95% twitch reduction and assessed the quality of intubating conditions 60 seconds after the induction of anesthesia. There was a significant difference in the mean onset time of rocuronium (72 sec) versus succinylcholine (42 sec, p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in intubating conditions 60 seconds after administration of thiopental. Rocuronium given 20 seconds prior to thiopental provides intubating conditions equivalent to thiopental-succinylcholine for rapid-sequence inductions, circumventing rocuronium's longer onset time to 95% neuromuscular blockade.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol
                JOACP
                Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0970-9185
                Oct-Dec 2010
                : 26
                : 4
                : 493-497
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
                [2]Department of Anaesthesia, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
                [3]Senior Consultant, Department of Anaesthesia, EMC Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
                [4]Resident, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Veena Chatrath, drveenachatrath@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                JOACP-26-493
                3087261
                21547177
                bf934185-7206-4adb-a5d6-55a03ca616ca
                Copyright: © Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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                Categories
                Research Paper

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                timing principle,nerve stimulator,rocuronium,vecuronium
                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                timing principle, nerve stimulator, rocuronium, vecuronium

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