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      Mortalidad evitable en los estados colindantes de la frontera México-Estados Unidos, 1999-2001 y 2009-2011 Translated title: Avoidable mortality in the states adjacent to the Mexico-United States border; 1999-2001 and 2009-2011

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este artículo es medir el efecto de la mortalidad evitable en los cambios de la esperanza de vida en los estados colindantes de ambos lados de la frontera México-Estados Unidos entre 1999-2001 y 2009-2011. Los datos utilizados fueron los registros de mortalidad y los censos de población, provenientes de fuentes oficiales de cada país. Se estimaron tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad y se calcularon los años de esperanza de vida perdidos. Tanto en 1999-2001 como en 2009-2011 los estados pertenecientes a la frontera sur de Estados Unidos tuvieron tasas de mortalidad evitable más bajas que las observadas en los estados del norte de México. En la región fronteriza las muertes evitables representaron en promedio una ganancia de 0.19 años de vida para Estados Unidos y una pérdida de 0.47 años de vida para México. Los estados de la frontera México-Estados Unidos presentan rasgos comunes en sus perfiles de salud que hacen necesario abordar algunos problemas de forma global y otros considerando las particularidades de cada uno de ellos, con el fin de reducir las brechas y aumentar la equidad social, mediante estrategias que involucren acciones nacionales independientes y otras de coordinación transfronteriza.

          Translated abstract

          The scope of this article is to measure the effect of avoidable mortality in changes in life expectancy in the states adjacent to both sides of the US-Mexico border between 1999-2001 and 2009-2011. The data used were the records of mortality and population censuses from official sources in each country. Standardized mortality rates were estimated and the expected years of life lost were calculated. Both in 1999-2001 and in 2009-2011 the states belonging to the southern border of the United States had lower rates of avoidable mortality rates than those observed in the northern states of Mexico. In the border region avoidable deaths have seen an averageincrease of 0.19 years of life for America and a loss of 0.47 years of life for Mexico. The states of the US-Mexico border have common features in their health profiles that make it necessary to address some problemson a global basis and consider the particularities of each, in order to reduce gaps and enhance social equity through strategies involving independent national actions and othersby cross-border coordination.

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          Factors Associated with Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension among Adults in Southern China: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey

          The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in southern China. A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in 180 villages across 15 counties in southern China from July to November 2010. Totally, 17437 persons completed all of the questionnaires, measurement examination and blood specimen collection. Adjusted rate of hypertension was 22.59% (95%CI: 22.52%–22.66%), for men 23.36% (95%CI: 23.25%–23.47%) and for women 21.77% (95%CI: 21.68%–21.86%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that old age, education attainment, alcohol use, diabetes, obesity, high TC and high TG were associated with hypertension. Among the hypertensive individuals, 54.33% were aware of their hypertension, and 46.34% were currently taking antihypertensive medication, but only 18.26% had their blood pressure controlled. Among all the hypertensive subjects, awareness was more common in those who were female, living in the urban, old age, low education attainment, diabetes, overweight, obese, Low HDL-C. Among the subjects aware of their diagnosis of hypertension, medication treatment was more common in those living in the urban, old age, nonsmoker and diabetes. Among the individuals who receiving medication treatment, controlled hypertension were less common in those living in the urban, young age, low education attainment, overweight and obese. Despite high rate of hypertension, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension still need to be strengthened.
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            Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en México: sinopsis epidemiológica y prevención integral

            El gobierno federal desarrolla acciones para reducir la mortalidad por las "enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles" (ECNT). Una de ellas es la creación de unidades médicas de especialidad (Uneme) diseñadas para el tratamiento especializado de las ECNT (sobrepeso, obesidad, riesgo cardiovascular y diabetes). La intervención se basa en la participación de un grupo multidisciplinario entrenado ex profeso, la educación del paciente sobre su salud, la incorporación de la familia al tratamiento y la resolución de las condiciones que limitan la observancia de las recomendaciones. El tratamiento está indicado con base en protocolos estandarizados. La eficacia de la intervención se evalúa en forma sistemática mediante indicadores cuantitativos predefinidos. Se espera que las Uneme resulten en ahorros para el sistema de salud. En suma, este último desarrolla mejores medidas de control para las ECNT. La evaluación del desempeño de las Uneme generará información para planear acciones preventivas futuras.
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              In amenable mortality--deaths avoidable through health care--progress in the US lags that of three European countries.

              We examined trends and patterns of amenable mortality-deaths that should not occur in the presence of timely and effective health care-in the United States compared to those in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom between 1999 and 2007. Americans under age sixty-five during this period had elevated rates of amenable mortality compared to their peers in Europe. For Americans over age sixty-five, declines in amenable mortality slowed relative to their peers in Europe. Overall, amenable mortality rates among men from 1999 to 2007 fell by only 18.5 percent in the United States compared to 36.9 percent in the United Kingdom. Among women, the rates fell by 17.5 percent and 31.9 percent, respectively. Although US men and women had the lowest mortality from treatable cancers among the four countries, deaths from circulatory conditions-chiefly cerebrovascular disease and hypertension-were the main reason amenable death rates remained relatively high in the United States. These findings strengthen the case for reforms that will enable all Americans to receive timely and effective health care.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro )
                1413-8123
                April 2015
                : 20
                : 4
                : 1063-1073
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Geriatría Mexico
                [2 ] El Colegio de La Frontera Norte Mexico
                Article
                S1413-81232015000401063
                10.1590/1413-81232015204.13782014
                bf9a12e6-be58-4b16-b9d7-c36e20fe97ee

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Mortality,Life expectancy,Border,Mexico,United States,Mortalidad,Esperanza de vida,Frontera,México,Estados Unidos

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