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      Percepción de los usuarios sobre la calidad de la atención ambulatoria en servicios de salud en México Translated title: Users' perception about of quality ambulatory healthcare services in Mexico

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          Abstract

          Objetivo. Identificar la percepción de los usuarios de los servicios de salud ambulatorios en México sobre la calidad de atención y los factores asociados con dicha percepción. Material y métodos. De los datos obtenidos por las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2006 y 2012 se analizó la percepción de la atención recibida y de mejoría en salud después de la atención; se elaboró un modelo multivariado para identificar los factores de los servicios asociados con la percepción de mejoría. Resultados. La buena percepción de atención se elevó de 82 a 85%, y la de mejoría del estado de salud, de 79 a 81%, entre los años 2006 y 2012. La explicación sobre la enfermedad y tratamiento, la consulta sin cita previa, la oportunidad de elegir el servicio de salud y menor tiempo de espera se asociaron con la percepción de mejoría. Conclusiones. Existen avances en la calidad de atención percibida en la atención ambulatoria en México. Es necesario fortalecer estrategias organizacionales para brindar atención con mayor oportunidad y responder a las expectativas de los usuarios.

          Translated abstract

          Objective. To identify users' perception about ambulatory healthcare services quality and associated factors in Mexico. Materials and methods. Analysis of the 2006 and 2012 National Surveys of Health and Nutrition that included users' perception of healthcare services and improvement in health status. A multivariate regression analysis allowed identifying the associated factors with the perception of improved health status. Results. Between 2006 and 2012, users' positive perception of healthcare services increased from 82 to 85%, and user report of improvement in health status increased from 79 to 81%. Health status improvement, explanations about the disease and treatment, being attended without appointment, freedom to choose the provider and short waiting time were associated with a perception of better quality of care. Conclusions. Users' perception about the quality of care in ambulatory healthcare settings has improved, yet it is still neccessary to strengthen organizational strategies to provide healthcare when needed and to improve fulfillment of users' expectations.

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          The patient-doctor relationship: a synthesis of the qualitative literature on patients' perspectives.

          The patient-doctor relationship is an important but poorly defined topic. In order to comprehensively assess its significance for patient care, a clearer understanding of the concept is required. To derive a conceptual framework of the factors that define patient-doctor relationships from the perspective of patients. Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies were screened for relevance and appraised for quality. The findings were synthesised using a thematic approach. From 1985 abstracts, 11 studies from four countries were included in the final synthesis. They examined the patient-doctor relationship generally (n = 3), or in terms of loyalty (n = 3), personal care (n = 2), trust (n = 2), and continuity (n = 1). Longitudinal care (seeing the same doctor) and consultation experiences (patients' encounters with the doctor) were found to be the main processes by which patient-doctor relationships are promoted. The resulting depth of patient-doctor relationship comprises four main elements: knowledge, trust, loyalty, and regard. These elements have doctor and patient aspects to them, which may be reciprocally related. A framework is proposed that distinguishes between dynamic factors that develop or maintain the relationship, and characteristics that constitute an ongoing depth of relationship. Having identified the different elements involved, future research should examine for associations between longitudinal care, consultation experiences, and depth of patient-doctor relationship, and, in turn, their significance for patient care.
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            Percepción de la calidad de la atención de los servicios de salud en México: perspectiva de los usuarios

            Objetivo. Describir la percepción de la calidad de la atención recibida por los usuarios en servicios ambulatorios de salud en México y analizar su relación con algunas características predisponentes y habilitadoras de la población usuaria. Material y métodos. La información analizada parte de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud II de 1994, que levantó información de 3 324 usuarios que acudieron a los servicios de salud en las dos últimas semanas previas a la encuesta. Resultados. Se encontró que 81.2% de los usuarios percibió que la atención recibida fue buena y 18.8% mala. Los principales motivos que definen la calidad como buena fueron: el trato personal (23.2%) y mejoría en salud (11.9%); en tanto que los motivos de mala calidad aludidos fueron: los largos tiempos de espera (23.7%) y la deficiencia en las acciones de revisión y diagnóstico (11.7%). Los que utilizaron servicios de seguridad social perciben 2.6 veces más frecuentemente mala calidad de atención que los que acudieron a servicios privados. Para los usuarios, la calidad está representada por las características del proceso de atención (44.8%), del resultado (21.3%), de la estructura (18.0%), y de la accesibilidad (15.7%). Los motivos más importantes por los cuales los usuarios no regresarían al mismo lugar de atención fueron: no lo atendieron bien (18.2%) y los largos tiempos de espera (11.8%). Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren profundizar en el conocimiento de la perspectiva poblacional, y determinar la necesidad de implementar en los servicios de salud acciones para la mejoría continua de la calidad de la atención.
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              Patient perception of quality following a visit to a doctor in a primary care unit.

              Assessment of the quality of primary care services may be enhanced by including patient perceptions as well as professional judgment of quality. There is a need for reliable and valid instruments to measure these perceptions. (i) To present a scale for measuring patient perception of quality of care following a visit to a doctor; and (ii) to analyse the responses given by patients recruited in primary care units in the Montreal region. The scale is composed of 22 items regrouped into three sub-scales referring to the patient-physician relationship (five items); the technical aspects of care (12 items); and the outcomes of the visit (five items). Distinctive features of the scale are that it focuses on patients' opinions about quality rather than on satisfaction, and that it includes items related to outcomes of the visit. A survey was conducted on 473 patients who visited a physician in 11 primary care units in the Montreal region. Randomly selected patients received mailed questionnaires 5-7 days following their visit. Various statistical procedures were used to assess the reliability and the validity of the global scale and the sub-scales, and to analyse patients' patterns of response. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the global scale and the three sub-scales provides favourable evidence concerning their reliability and validity. The results of the factor analysis, the inter-item correlations and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients all support the distinction made between the interpersonal processes, the technical processes and the outcomes, and, at the same time, confirm the complex nature of the notion of perceived quality. The analysis of patients' responses allows the identification of items associated with global perception about quality of care. This global perception results from patients' perception of the physician's professional and interpersonal skills as well as from the outcomes of care. The scale can be used by physicians or primary health care units and has a wide range of applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico )
                0036-3634
                2013
                : 55
                : suppl 2
                : S100-S105
                Affiliations
                [01] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud México
                [02] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Dirección General México
                [03] Washington DC orgnameBanco Interamericano de Desarrollo
                Article
                S0036-36342013000800005 S0036-3634(13)05500000005
                bf9ab2cf-c866-4806-99b7-84f99be3f74d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 January 2013
                : 07 December 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
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                perception,quality,primary care,surveys,percepción,atención primaria de salud,México,encuestas,calidad,Mexico

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