Prevalence and influence factors of anemia among 16 – 40 years old minority pregnant women in southern rural area of Guizhou province

Abstract

Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among 16 – 40 years old pregnant women living in southern rural area of Guizhou province and to provide references for taking corresponding interventions.

Methods A total of 49 487 pregnant women aged 16 – 40 years were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage sampling from rural Qiannan prefecture of Guizhou province and surveyed with a face-to-face interview, physical examination, and laboratory test between January 2017 and May 2018.

Results Totally 11 857 anemia cases were diagnosed and the crude and standardized prevalence rate of anemia was 23.96% and 22.89% among all the pregnant women surveyed. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed risk factors of anemia among the pregnant women as following: in third trimester of pregnancy (odds ratio [ OR] = 3.798, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.415 – 4.319), Buyi nationality ( OR = 3.416, 95% CI: 1.634 – 4.097), Miao nationality ( OR = 4.948, 95% CI: 1.865 – 6.126), with the education of primary school and below ( OR = 3.412, 95% CI: 1.375 – 4.825), with family annual income per capita of < 5 000 RMB yuan ( OR = 4.796, 95% CI: 1.757 – 6.653), menorrhagia ( OR = 3.279, 95% CI: 1.234 – 4.657), having three pregnancies or more ( OR = 2.995, 95% CI: 1.245 – 4.015), with 2 times of miscarriages or more ( OR = 3.385, 95% CI: 1.423 – 4.875), having two deliveries or more ( OR = 3.004, 95% CI: 1.249 – 4.235), preference for grain or corn as stable food ( OR = 3.895, 95% CI: 1.456 – 5.935), without iron supplementation during pregnancy ( OR = 3.887, 95% CI: 1.524 – 5.987), without folic acid supplementation during pregnancy ( OR = 3.532, 95% CI: 1.239 – 4.184), without vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy ( OR = 4.546, 95% CI: 1.863 – 6.971), tea drinking ( OR = 3.916, 95% CI: 1.441 – 3.956), consumption of carbonated drinks ( OR = 3.498, 95% CI: 1.432 – 3.973), and living in an area adjacent to a mountain ( OR = 3.371, 95% CI: 1.315 – 3.892).

Conclusion The prevalence rate of anemia is at a high level among minority pregnant women in southern rural area of Guizhou province and interventions on risk factors of anemia should be carried out among the women.

Abstract

【摘 要】 目的 了解贵州黔南地区农村少数民族 16 ～ 40 岁孕妇贫血患病现状及其危险因素，为采取相应的干预措施提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层、随机、整群抽样方法在贵州黔南地区农村少数民族抽取 49 487 名 16 ～ 40 岁孕妇进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。 结果 贵州黔南地区农村少数民族 49 487 名常住 16 ～ 40 岁孕妇中，患贫血者 11 857 例，患病率为 23.96 %，标化患病率为 22.89 %；多因素非条件 logistic 回归分析结果显示，孕晚期（ OR = 3.798，95 % CI = 1.415 ～ 4.319）和孕中期（ OR = 1.985，95 % CI = 1.113 ～ 2.092）、布依族（ OR = 3.416，95 % CI = 1.634 ～ 4.097）和苗族（ OR = 4.948，95 % CI = 1.865 ～ 6.126）、文化程度小学及以下（ OR = 3.412，95 % CI = 1.375 ～ 4.825）和初中（ OR = 1.989，95 % CI = 1.143 ～ 2.175）、家庭人均年收入 < 5 000 元（ OR = 4.796，95 % CI = 1.757 ～ 6.653）、月经量多（ OR = 3.279，95 % CI = 1.234 ～ 4.657）、怀孕次数≥3 次（ OR = 2.995，95 % CI = 1.245 ～ 4.015）、流产次数≥2 次（ OR = 3.385，95 % CI = 1.423 ～ 4.875）、生育次数≥2 次（ OR = 3.004，95 % CI = 1.249 ～ 4.235）、饮食结构以谷物或玉米为主（ OR = 3.895，95 % CI = 1.456 ～ 5.935）、孕期未补充铁剂（ OR = 3.887，95 % CI = 1.524 ～ 5.987）、孕期未补充叶酸（ OR = 3.532，95 % CI = 1.239 ～ 4.184）、孕期未补充维生素 A（ OR = 4.546，95 % CI = 1.863 ～ 6.971）、饮茶（ OR = 3.916， 95 % CI = 1.441 ～ 3.956）、饮碳酸饮料（ OR = 3.498 ，95 % CI = 1.432 ～ 3.973）、依山而居（ OR = 3.371，95 % CI = 1.315 ～ 3.892）是贵州黔南地区农村少数民族 16 ～ 40 岁孕妇贫血患病的危险因素。 结论 贵州黔南地区农村少数民族孕妇贫血患病率较高，应针对该地区孕妇贫血患病的危险因素进行干预。