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      Ultrasound-guided drug delivery in cancer

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          Abstract

          Recent advancements in ultrasound and microbubble (USMB) mediated drug delivery technology has shown that this approach can improve spatially confined delivery of drugs and genes to target tissues while reducing systemic dose and toxicity. The mechanism behind enhanced delivery of therapeutics is sonoporation, the formation of openings in the vasculature, induced by ultrasound-triggered oscillations and destruction of microbubbles. In this review, progress and challenges of USMB mediated drug delivery are summarized, with special focus on cancer therapy.

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          Most cited references86

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          Microbubbles in ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery.

          Ultrasound contrast agents, in the form of gas-filled microbubbles, are becoming popular in perfusion monitoring; they are employed as molecular imaging agents. Microbubbles are manufactured from biocompatible materials, they can be injected intravenously, and some are approved for clinical use. Microbubbles can be destroyed by ultrasound irradiation. This destruction phenomenon can be applied to targeted drug delivery and enhancement of drug action. The ultrasonic field can be focused at the target tissues and organs; thus, selectivity of the treatment can be improved, reducing undesirable side effects. Microbubbles enhance ultrasound energy deposition in the tissues and serve as cavitation nuclei, increasing intracellular drug delivery. DNA delivery and successful tissue transfection are observed in the areas of the body where ultrasound is applied after intravascular administration of microbubbles and plasmid DNA. Accelerated blood clot dissolution in the areas of insonation by cooperative action of thrombolytic agents and microbubbles is demonstrated in several clinical trials.
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            Molecular imaging in drug development.

            Molecular imaging can allow the non-invasive assessment of biological and biochemical processes in living subjects. Such technologies therefore have the potential to enhance our understanding of disease and drug activity during preclinical and clinical drug development, which could aid decisions to select candidates that seem most likely to be successful or to halt the development of drugs that seem likely to ultimately fail. Here, with an emphasis on oncology, we review the applications of molecular imaging in drug development, highlighting successes and identifying key challenges that need to be addressed for successful integration of molecular imaging into the drug development process.
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              Cavitation Bubbles Near Boundaries

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ultrasonography
                Ultrasonography
                USG
                Ultrasonography
                Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine
                2288-5919
                2288-5943
                July 2017
                1 May 2017
                : 36
                : 3
                : 171-184
                Affiliations
                Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Jürgen K. Willmann, MD, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305- 5621, USA Tel. +1-650-725-1812 Fax. +1-650-723-1909 E-mail: willmann@ 123456stanford.edu
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-7531
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-7669
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9517-4657
                Article
                usg-17021
                10.14366/usg.17021
                5494871
                28607323
                bffc0bd0-fb50-40df-96fb-73a0d0e69d4c
                Copyright © 2017 Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (KSUM)

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 1 March 2017
                : 23 April 2017
                : 1 May 2017
                Categories
                Review Article

                ultrasonography,drug delivery systems,cancer therapy,genetic therapy,microbubbles

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