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      Gender discrimination in hiring: An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case

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      1 , 1 , * , 2
      PLoS ONE
      Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          We estimated the degree of gender discrimination in Sweden across occupations using a correspondence study design. Our analysis of employer responses to more than 3,200 fictitious job applications across 15 occupations revealed that overall positive employer response rates were higher for women than men by almost 5 percentage points. We found that this gap was driven by employer responses in female-dominated occupations. Male applicants were about half as likely as female applicants to receive a positive employer response in female-dominated occupations. For male-dominated and mixed occupations we found no significant differences in positive employer responses between male and female applicants.

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          Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates

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            Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination

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              The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                29 January 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 1
                : e0245513
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Division of Economics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
                [2 ] Department of Economics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
                Ghent University, BELGIUM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1798-8284
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1728-3150
                Article
                PONE-D-20-31057
                10.1371/journal.pone.0245513
                7845993
                33513171
                c00a2583-7164-4463-9265-384460774c0e
                © 2021 Ahmed et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 2 October 2020
                : 22 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 15
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359, Vetenskapsrådet;
                Award ID: 2018-03487
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359, Vetenskapsrådet;
                Award ID: 2018-03487
                Award Recipient :
                AA and MG were financially supported by the Swedish Research Council ( https://www.vr.se/) (grant no. 2018-03487).
                Categories
                Research Article
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Professions
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Labor Economics
                Employment
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Sexual and Gender Issues
                Gender Discrimination
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Social Discrimination
                Gender Discrimination
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Sexual and Gender Issues
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Labor Economics
                Salaries
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Labor Economics
                Employment
                Jobs
                People and places
                Geographical locations
                Europe
                European Union
                Sweden
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Professions
                Medical Personnel
                Nurses
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Health Care
                Health Care Providers
                Nurses
                Custom metadata
                All Data and Stata do-files are available from the OSF database ( https://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PJRF5).

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