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      Babesia microti— Borrelia burgdorferi Coinfection

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      Author(s): * , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Pathogens
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: Babesia, Borrelia, Babesiosis, Lyme disease, coinfection, tick-borne pathogens

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          Abstract

          The incidence and geographic distribution of human babesiosis is growing in the U.S. Its major causative agent is the protozoan parasite, Babesia microti. B. microti is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of Ixodes scapularis ticks, which are vectors for a number of other pathogens. Other routes of B. microti transmission are blood transfusion and in rare cases of mother-to-foetus transmission, through the placenta. This review discusses the current literature on mammalian coinfection with B. microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent Lyme disease.

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          Human babesiosis.

          Edouard Vannier, Peter Krause (2012)
          Article 0 comments Cited 201 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Coinfection by Ixodes Tick-Borne Pathogens: Ecological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Consequences.

            Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Edouard Vannier, Peter Krause (2016)
            Ixodes ticks maintain a large and diverse array of human pathogens in the enzootic cycle, including Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti. Despite the poor ecological fitness of B. microti, babesiosis has recently emerged in areas endemic for Lyme disease. Studies in ticks, reservoir hosts, and humans indicate that coinfection with B. burgdorferi and B. microti is common, promotes transmission and emergence of B. microti in the enzootic cycle, and causes greater disease severity and duration in humans. These interdisciplinary studies may serve as a paradigm for the study of other vector-borne coinfections. Identifying ecological drivers of pathogen emergence and host factors that fuel disease severity in coinfected individuals will help guide the design of effective preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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              Transfusion-associated babesiosis in the United States: a description of cases.

              Barbara Herwaldt, Jeanne Linden, Elizabeth Bosserman … (2011)
              Babesiosis is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites, which usually are tickborne but also are transmissible by transfusion. Tickborne transmission of Babesia microti mainly occurs in 7 states in the Northeast and the upper Midwest of the United States. No Babesia test for screening blood donors has been licensed. To ascertain and summarize data on U.S. transfusion-associated Babesia cases identified since the first described case in 1979. Case series. United States. Case patients were transfused during 1979-2009 and had posttransfusion Babesia infection diagnosed by 2010, without reported evidence that another transmission route was more likely than transfusion. Implicated donors had laboratory evidence of infection. Potential cases were excluded if all pertinent donors tested negative. Distributions of ascertained cases according to Babesia species and period and state of transfusion. 159 transfusion-associated B. microti cases were included; donors were implicated for 136 (86%). The case patients' median age was 65 years (range, <1 to 94 years). Most cases were associated with red blood cell components; 4 were linked to whole blood-derived platelets. Cases occurred in all 4 seasons and in 22 (of 31) years, but 77% (122 cases) occurred during 2000-2009. Cases occurred in 19 states, but 87% (138 cases) were in the 7 main B. microti-endemic states. In addition, 3 B. duncani cases were documented in western states. The extent to which cases were not diagnosed, investigated, reported, or ascertained is unknown. Donor-screening strategies that mitigate the risk for transfusion transmission are needed. Babesiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained posttransfusion hemolytic anemia or fever, regardless of the season or U.S. region. None.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pathogens
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pathogens
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pathogens
                Title: Pathogens
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-0817
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: September 2019
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 117
                Affiliations
                Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-0693
                Article
                Publisher ID: pathogens-08-00117
                DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030117
                PMC ID: 6789475
                PubMed ID: 31370180
                SO-VID: c00c09ab-da0b-470f-906c-6ac3161fe7bc
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 15 May 2019
                Date accepted : 26 July 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: babesia,borrelia,babesiosis,lyme disease,coinfection,tick-borne pathogens
                Data availability:
                Keywords: babesia, borrelia, babesiosis, lyme disease, coinfection, tick-borne pathogens

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