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      Ntrk1 mutation co-segregating with bipolar disorder and inherited kidney disease in a multiplex family causes defects in neuronal growth and depression-like behavior in mice

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          Abstract

          Previously, we reported a family in which bipolar disorder (BD) co-segregates with a Mendelian kidney disorder linked to 1q22. The causative renal gene was later identified as MUC1. Genome-wide linkage analysis of BD in the family yielded a peak at 1q22 that encompassed the NTRK1 and MUC1 genes. NTRK1 codes for TrkA (Tropomyosin-related kinase A) which is essential for development of the cholinergic nervous system. Whole genome sequencing of the proband identified a damaging missense mutation, E492K, in NTRK1. Induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from family members, and then differentiated to neural stem cells (NSCs). E492K NSCs had reduced neurite outgrowth. A conditional knock-in mouse line, harboring the point mutation in the brain, showed depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test following challenge by physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor. These results are consistent with the cholinergic hypothesis of depression. They imply that the NTRK1 E492K mutation, impairs cholinergic neurotransmission, and may convey susceptibility to bipolar disorder.

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          Most cited references36

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          Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

          The CNV analysis group of the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium analyzes a large schizophrenia cohort to examine genomic copy number variants (CNVs) and disease risk. They find an enrichment of CNV burden in cases versus controls and identify 8 genome-wide significant loci as well as novel suggestive loci conferring either risk or protection to schizophrenia.
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            Culturing hippocampal neurons.

            We provide protocols for preparing low-density dissociated-cell cultures of hippocampal neurons from embryonic rats or mice. The neurons are cultured on polylysine-treated coverslips, which are suspended above an astrocyte feeder layer and maintained in serum-free medium. When cultured according to this protocol, hippocampal neurons become appropriately polarized, develop extensive axonal and dendritic arbors and form numerous, functional synaptic connections with one another. Hippocampal cultures have been used widely for visualizing the subcellular localization of endogenous or expressed proteins, for imaging protein trafficking and for defining the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of neuronal polarity, dendritic growth and synapse formation. Preparation of glial feeder cultures must begin 2 weeks in advance, and it takes 5 d to prepare coverslips as a substrate for neuronal growth. Dissecting the hippocampus and plating hippocampal neurons takes 2-3 h.
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              The role of BDNF and its receptors in depression and antidepressant drug action: Reactivation of developmental plasticity.

              Recent evidence suggests that neuronal plasticity plays an important role in the recovery from depression. Antidepressant drugs and electroconvulsive shock treatment increase the expression of several molecules, which are associated with neuronal plasticity, in particular the neurotrophin BDNF and its receptor TrkB. Furthermore, these treatments increase neurogenesis and synaptic numbers in several brain areas. Conversely, depression, at least in its severe form, is associated with reduced volumes of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and in at least some cases these neurodegenerative signs can be attenuated by successful treatment. Such observations suggest a central role for neuronal plasticity in depression and the antidepressant effect, and also implicate BDNF signaling as a mediator of this plasticity. The antidepressant fluoxetine can reactivate developmental-like neuronal plasticity in the adult visual cortex, which, under appropriate environmental guidance, leads to the rewiring of a developmentally dysfunctional neural network. These observations suggest that the simple form of the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, namely, that deficient levels of neurotrophic support underlies mood disorders and increases in these neurotrophic factors to normal levels brings about mood recovery, may not sufficiently explain the complex process of recovery from depression. This review discusses recent data on the role of BDNF and its receptors in depression and the antidepressant response and suggests a model whereby the effects of antidepressant treatments could be explained by a reactivation of activity-dependent and BDNF-mediated cortical plasticity, which in turn leads to the adjustment of neuronal networks to better adapt to environmental challenges.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tadafumi.kato@juntendo.ac.jp
                jkelsoe@ucsd.edu
                Journal
                Transl Psychiatry
                Transl Psychiatry
                Translational Psychiatry
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2158-3188
                24 November 2020
                24 November 2020
                2020
                : 10
                : 407
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.474690.8, Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, , RIKEN Center for Brain Science, ; Saitama, Japan
                [2 ]GRID grid.266100.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2107 4242, Department of Psychiatry, , University of California San Diego, ; San Diego, USA
                [3 ]GRID grid.42505.36, ISNI 0000 0001 2156 6853, Department of Genetics, , University of Southern California, ; Los Angeles, USA
                [4 ]GRID grid.4491.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 116X, Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, , Charles University, ; Prague, Czechia
                [5 ]GRID grid.241167.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2185 3318, Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, , Wake Forest School of Medicine, ; Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
                [6 ]GRID grid.250942.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0507 3225, Neurogenomics Division, , Translational Genomics Research Institute, ; Arizona, USA
                [7 ]GRID grid.258269.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 2738, Department of Psychiatry, , Juntendo University, ; Tokyo, Japan
                [8 ]GRID grid.266100.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2107 4242, Institute for Genomic Medicine, , University of California San Diego, ; San Diego, USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8749-2073
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-3952
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-2333
                Article
                1087
                10.1038/s41398-020-01087-8
                7687911
                33235206
                c040d7cc-b188-4d5e-ba13-7f4d38bdf548
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 17 February 2020
                : 28 September 2020
                : 20 October 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000025, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH);
                Award ID: MH094483
                Award ID: MH094483
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100000057, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS);
                Award ID: T32 GM008666
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001691, MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS);
                Award ID: 18H05435
                Award ID: 17H01573
                Award ID: 18H05435
                Award ID: 17H01573
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100009619, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED);
                Award ID: 19km0405208h000
                Award ID: 19dm0207074h0001
                Award ID: 19km0405208h000
                Award ID: 19dm0207074h0001
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                stem cells,molecular neuroscience,bipolar disorder
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                stem cells, molecular neuroscience, bipolar disorder

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