Síndrome de Schnitzler tratado con canakinumab

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Abstract

El síndrome de Schnitzler es un raro trastorno caracterizado por rash urticariano crónico y gammapatía monoclonal, acompañado de fiebre intermitente, artralgias o artritis, dolor óseo y linfadenopatías, en el cual la interleuquina 1 (IL-1) tiene un papel preponderante. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 48 años que reúne criterios para síndrome de Schnitzler y que luego de fallar a múltiples tratamientos presenta respuesta exitosa a canakinumab.

Translated abstract

Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by chronic urticarial rash and monoclonal gammopathy, accompanied by intermittent fever, arthralgia or arthritis, bone pain and lymphadenopathy, in which interleukin 1 (IL-1) has a preponderant role. The case of a 48-year-old male who meets criteria for Schnitzler syndrome and who after failing too many treatments presents a successful response to canakinumab is presented here.

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POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome.

P Greipp, Rita Basu, S Rajkumar … (2003)

The POEMS syndrome (coined to refer to polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes) remains poorly understood. Ambiguity exists over the features necessary to establish the diagnosis, treatment efficacy, and prognosis. We identified 99 patients with POEMS syndrome. Minimal criteria were a sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and evidence of a monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorder. To distinguish POEMS from neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, additional criteria were included: a bone lesion, Castleman disease, organomegaly (or lymphadenopathy), endocrinopathy, edema (peripheral edema, ascites, or effusions), and skin changes. The median age at presentation was 51 years; 63% were men. Median survival was 165 months. With the exception of fingernail clubbing (P =.03) and extravascular volume overload (P =.04), no presenting feature, including the number of presenting features, was predictive of survival. Response to therapy (P <.001) was predictive of survival. Pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, thrombotic events, and congestive heart failure were observed and appear to be part of the syndrome. In 18 patients (18%), new disease manifestations developed over time. More than 50% of patients had a response to radiation, and 22% to 50% had responses to prednisone and a combination of melphalan and prednisone, respectively. We conclude that the median survival of patients with POEMS syndrome is 165 months, independent of the number of syndrome features, bone lesions, or plasma cells at diagnosis. Additional features of the syndrome often develop, but the complications of classic multiple myeloma rarely develop.

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The Schnitzler syndrome

Dan Lipsker (2010)

The Schnitzler syndrome is a rare and underdiagnosed entity which is considered today as being a paradigm of an acquired/late onset auto-inflammatory disease. It associates a chronic urticarial skin rash, corresponding from the clinico-pathological viewpoint to a neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis, a monoclonal IgM component and at least 2 of the following signs: fever, joint and/or bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and/or liver, increased ESR, increased neutrophil count, abnormal bone imaging findings. It is a chronic disease with only one known case of spontaneous remission. Except of the severe alteration of quality of life related mainly to the rash, fever and pain, complications include severe inflammatory anemia and AA amyloidosis. About 20% of patients will develop a lymphoproliferative disorder, mainly Waldenström disease and lymphoma, a percentage close to other patients with IgM MGUS. It was exceedingly difficult to treat patients with this syndrome until the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra became available. Anakinra allows a complete control of all signs within hours after the first injection, but patients need continuous treatment with daily injections. In many aspects, the Schnitzler syndrome resembles the genetically determined auto-inflammatory syndromes involving activating mutations of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This latter point and its consequences will be addressed.

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Sustained efficacy of the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 beta antibody canakinumab in a 9-month trial in Schnitzler's syndrome.

Heleen D de Koning, Joost Schalkwijk, Johanna van der Ven-Jongekrijg … (2013)

Schnitzler's syndrome is a chronic disabling autoinflammatory disorder, characterised by chronic urticaria, paraproteinemia and systemic inflammation. The interleukin (IL) 1 receptor antagonist anakinra is a very effective treatment, but requires daily injection and blocks both IL-1α and IL-1β. Canakinumab is a selective human monoclonal anti-IL-1β antibody with a long half-life. We investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of canakinumab in Schnitzler's syndrome. In an open-label, single-treatment arm trial, eight patients with Schnitzler's syndrome received monthly injections with 150 mg canakinumab subcutaneously for 6 months, followed by a 3-month observation period. Primary outcome was complete or clinical remission at day 14. Secondary outcome measures included inflammatory markers, quality of life, time to relapse, safety and tolerability. After stopping anakinra, patients developed moderate to severe clinical symptoms. Canakinumab induced complete or clinical remission at day 14 in all eight patients. Median C-reactive protein concentrations decreased from 169 mg/l at baseline to less than 10 mg/l on day 14 and remained low or undetectable. One patient discontinued participation on day 39 because of return of symptoms while all others remained in complete or clinical remission during the 6-month treatment period. Relapse after last canakinumab dose occurred within 3 months in four patients. For two patients, remission continued several months post-study. Five patients reported at least one adverse event, predominantly mild upper respiratory tract infections. One patient died in a traffic accident. In this 9-month study, monthly 150 mg canakinumab injection was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for Schnitzler's syndrome. Our data demonstrate that IL-1β plays a pivotal role in this disease. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT01276522.

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Journal ID (publisher-id): reuma

Title: Revista argentina de reumatología

Abbreviated Title: Rev. argent. reumatolg.

Publisher: Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )

ISSN (Print): 0327-4411

ISSN (Electronic): 2362-3675

Publication date (Print and electronic): September 2019

Volume: 30

Issue: 3

Pages: 34-37

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[00] Paraná orgnameHospital San Martín orgdiv1Sección Reumatología Argentina

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Publisher ID: S2362-36752019000400006 Publisher ID: S2362-3675(19)03000300006

SO-VID: c0644b43-78a1-4103-9f3b-b662c7744e13

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Síndrome de Schnitzler tratado con canakinumab Translated title: Schnitzler syndrome treated with canakinumab

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Most cited references 12

POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome.

The Schnitzler syndrome

Sustained efficacy of the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 beta antibody canakinumab in a 9-month trial in Schnitzler's syndrome.

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