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      Characteristics of the delayed respiratory syncytial virus epidemic, 2020/2021, Rhône Loire, France

      research-article
      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 5 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 8 , 8 , 4 , 9 , 9 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 10 , 11 , 4 , 12 , 4 , 13 , 7 , 14 , 4 , 15 , 13 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , VRS study group in Lyon 16 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 5 VRS study group in Lyon VRS study group in Lyon , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
      Eurosurveillance
      European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
      RSV, bronchiolitis, non-pharmacological interventions, pharmacological interventions, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARI, disease burden

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          Abstract

          The Rhône-Loire metropolitan areas’ 2020/21 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic was delayed following the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), compared with previous seasons. Very severe lower respiratory tract infection incidence among infants ≤ 3 months decreased twofold, the proportion of cases among children aged > 3 months to 5 years increased, and cases among adults > 65 years were markedly reduced. NPI appeared to reduce the RSV burden among at-risk groups, and should be promoted to minimise impact of future RSV outbreaks.

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          Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

          Highlights • SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID19 disease, has spread globally since late 2019 • Bacterial coinfections associated with mortality in previous influenza pandemics • Proportion of COVID19 patients with bacterial coinfection less than in flu pandemics • Higher proportion of critically-ill with bacterial coinfections than in mixed setting • Bacterial co-pathogen profiles different to those in influenza co-infections • Fungal coinfection diagnosis difficult so high level suspicion in critically-ill
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            Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study

            Summary Background A range of public health measures have been implemented to suppress local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong. We examined the effect of these interventions and behavioural changes of the public on the incidence of COVID-19, as well as on influenza virus infections, which might share some aspects of transmission dynamics with COVID-19. Methods We analysed data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, influenza surveillance data in outpatients of all ages, and influenza hospitalisations in children. We estimated the daily effective reproduction number (R t) for COVID-19 and influenza A H1N1 to estimate changes in transmissibility over time. Attitudes towards COVID-19 and changes in population behaviours were reviewed through three telephone surveys done on Jan 20–23, Feb 11–14, and March 10–13, 2020. Findings COVID-19 transmissibility measured by R t has remained at approximately 1 for 8 weeks in Hong Kong. Influenza transmission declined substantially after the implementation of social distancing measures and changes in population behaviours in late January, with a 44% (95% CI 34–53%) reduction in transmissibility in the community, from an estimated R t of 1·28 (95% CI 1·26–1·30) before the start of the school closures to 0·72 (0·70–0·74) during the closure weeks. Similarly, a 33% (24–43%) reduction in transmissibility was seen based on paediatric hospitalisation rates, from an R t of 1·10 (1·06–1·12) before the start of the school closures to 0·73 (0·68–0·77) after school closures. Among respondents to the surveys, 74·5%, 97·5%, and 98·8% reported wearing masks when going out, and 61·3%, 90·2%, and 85·1% reported avoiding crowded places in surveys 1 (n=1008), 2 (n=1000), and 3 (n=1005), respectively. Interpretation Our study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions (including border restrictions, quarantine and isolation, distancing, and changes in population behaviour) were associated with reduced transmission of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, and are also likely to have substantially reduced influenza transmission in early February, 2020. Funding Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong.
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              The impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on the future dynamics of endemic infections

              Significance Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, reduce not only COVID-19 cases but also other circulating infections such as influenza and RSV. The susceptible population for these infections will increase while NPIs are in place. Using models fit to historic cases of RSV and influenza, we project large future outbreaks of both diseases may occur following a period of extended NPIs. These outbreaks, which may reach peak numbers in the winter, could increase the burden to healthcare systems.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Euro Surveill
                Euro Surveill
                eurosurveillance
                Eurosurveillance
                European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
                1025-496X
                1560-7917
                22 July 2021
                : 26
                : 29
                : 2100630
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Centre de Biologie Nord, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Virologie, Lyon, France
                [2 ]Centre national de référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
                [3 ]Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
                [4 ]Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
                [5 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique et d’Accueil des Urgences, Bron, France
                [6 ]Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Service des Urgences Pédiatriques, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
                [7 ]Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP) EA-3064, Faculté de Médecine de Saint-Etienne, Campus Santé-Innovations de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
                [8 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Département d’Information Médicale, Lyon, France
                [9 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Bron, France
                [10 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Édouard Herriot, Service Hygiène, Épidémiologie et Prévention, Lyon, France
                [11 ]Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Public Health, Epidemiology and Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Diseases (PHE3ID) INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
                [12 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Service de Néonatologie et de Réanimation Néonatale, Bron, France
                [13 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle IMER, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Lyon, France
                [14 ]Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Laboratoire de Virologie, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
                [15 ]Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Lyon, France
                [16 ]Additional members of VRS study group in Lyon who contributed to data collection are listed at the end of this article.
                Author notes

                Correspondence: Jean-Sébastien Casalegno ( jean-sebastien.casalegno@ 123456chu-lyon.fr )

                Article
                2100630 2100630
                10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100630
                8299747
                34296674
                c0d6401e-78ff-4172-95fd-1983df68cdc6
                This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2021.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 24 June 2021
                : 21 July 2021
                Categories
                Rapid Communication
                Custom metadata
                292

                rsv,bronchiolitis,non-pharmacological interventions,pharmacological interventions,covid-19,sars-cov-2,sari,disease burden

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