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      ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Thaspiviridae 2021

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , * , ICTV Report Consortium
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: The Journal of General Virology
      Publisher: Microbiology Society
      Keywords: ICTV Report, taxonomy, Thaspiviridae

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          Abstract

          Members of the family Thaspiviridae have linear dsDNA genomes of 27 to 29 kbp and are the first viruses known to infect mesophilic ammonia-oxidizing archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota. The spindle-shaped virions of Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped virus 1 possess short tails at one pole and measure 64±3 nm in diameter and 112±6 nm in length. This morphology is similar to that of members of the families Fuselloviridae and Halspiviridae. Virus replication is not lytic but leads to growth inhibition of the host. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Thaspiviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/thaspiviridae.

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          Unification of the globally distributed spindle-shaped viruses of the Archaea.

          David Prangishvili, Dennis Bamford, Emmanuelle R. J. Quemin … (2014)
          Viruses with spindle-shaped virions are abundant in diverse environments. Over the years, such viruses have been isolated from a wide range of archaeal hosts. Evolutionary relationships between them remained enigmatic, however. Here, using structural proteins as markers, we define familial ties among these "dark horses" of the virosphere and segregate all spindle-shaped viruses into two distinct evolutionary lineages, corresponding to Bicaudaviridae and Fuselloviridae. Our results illuminate the utility of structure-based virus classification and bring additional order to the virosphere.
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            Virology: independent virus development outside a host.

            Reinhard Rachel, Gisle Vestergaard, David Prangishvili … (2005)
            Viruses are thought to be functionally inactive once they are outside and independent of their host cell. Here we describe an exceptional property of a newly discovered virus that infects a hyperthermophilic archaeon growing in acidic hot springs: the lemon-shaped viral particle develops a very long tail at each of its pointed ends after being released from its host cell. The process occurs only at the temperature of the host's habitat (75-90 degrees C) and it does not require the presence of the host cell, an exogenous energy source or any cofactors. This host-independent morphological development may be a strategy for viral survival in an environment that is unusually harsh and has limited host availability.
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              Spindle-shaped viruses infect marine ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaea

              Jong-Geol Kim, So-Jeong Kim, Virginija Cvirkaite-Krupovic … (2019)
              Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) from the phylum Thaumarchaeota are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems and play a prominent role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Previous studies have suggested that, like all microbes, thaumarchaea are infected by viruses and that viral predation has a profound impact on thaumarchaeal functioning and mortality, thereby regulating global biogeochemical cycles. However, not a single virus capable of infecting thaumarchaea has been reported thus far. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of three Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped viruses (NSVs) that infect AOA and are distinct from other known marine viruses. Although NSVs have a narrow host range, they efficiently infect autochthonous Nitrosopumilus strains and display high rates of adsorption to their host cells. The NSVs have linear double-stranded DNA genomes of ∼28 kb that do not display appreciable sequence similarity to genomes of other known archaeal or bacterial viruses and could be considered as representatives of a new virus family, the “Thaspiviridae.” Upon infection, NSV replication leads to inhibition of AOA growth, accompanied by severe reduction in the rate of ammonia oxidation and nitrite reduction. Nevertheless, unlike in the case of lytic bacteriophages, NSV propagation is not associated with detectable degradation of the host chromosome or a decrease in cell counts. The broad distribution of NSVs in AOA-dominated marine environments suggests that NSV predation might regulate the diversity and dynamics of AOA communities. Collectively, our results shed light on the diversity, evolution, and potential impact of the virosphere associated with ecologically important mesophilic archaea.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (hwp): jgv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jgv
                Title: The Journal of General Virology
                Publisher: Microbiology Society
                ISSN (Print): 0022-1317
                ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 July 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 July 2021
                Volume: 102
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 001631
                Affiliations
                [ 1​ ]Department of Biological Sciences, Wonkwang University , Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
                [ 2​ ]departmentDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
                [ 3​ ]departmentArchaeal Virology Unit , Institut Pasteur , Paris 75015, France
                Author notes
                *Correspondence: Sung-Keun Rhee, rhees@ 123456cbnu.ac.kr
                Article
                Publisher ID: 001631
                DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001631
                PMC ID: 8491892
                PubMed ID: 34328827
                SO-VID: c0e8f838-c71b-4e17-ad69-fd0bbf667166
                Copyright © © 2021
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                Date received : 15 June 2021
                Date accepted : 15 June 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: national research foundation of korea
                Award ID: 2021R1A2C3004015
                Award Recipient : Sung-KeunRhee
                Funded by: wellcome trust
                Award ID: WT108418AIA
                Award Recipient : ICTVConsortium
                Categories
                Subject: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: ictv report,taxonomy,thaspiviridae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: ictv report, taxonomy, thaspiviridae

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