4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Estado de la resistencia a insecticidas y sus mecanismos en Aedes aegypti en el municipio Boyeros Translated title: Situation of the insecticidal resistance and its mechanisms in Aedes aegypti in Boyeros municipality

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          INTRODUCCIÓN: el control de Aedes aegypti continúa siendo la única medida disponible para poder disminuir la transmisión de dengue. Desafortunadamente Ae. aegypti ha demostrado la habilidad de desarrollar resistencia a una gran variedad de tóxicos. OBJETIVO: evaluar la resistencia a insecticidas químicos en larvas y adultos del municipio Boyeros, Ciudad de La Habana, así como los mecanismos que contribuyeron a esta. MÉTODOS: se evaluó la resistencia a insecticidas químicos en larvas y adultos a través de metodologías de la OMS. Los mecanismos de resistencia se determinaron a través de sinergistas y pruebas bioquímicas. Se realizó electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida para la visualización de enzimas esterasas. RESULTADOS: en larvas se observó susceptibilidad a los insecticidas organofosforados evaluados. Resistencia se observó a los piretroides cipermetrina y deltametrina. Los bioensayos en larvas con el producto comercial de temefos mostraron 100 % de mortalidad con recambio diario de agua hasta 10 d. Se demostró que ni las esterasas, ni la enzima glutatión transferasa, desempeñaron un papel importante en la resistencia a insecticidas en larvas. Se observó la presencia de la esterasa A4 amplificada a baja frecuencia en las muestras estudiadas. En el estado adulto, la cepa Boyeros resultó resistente a los piretroides ciflutrina y lambdacialotrina, en verificación a deltametrina, y resultó susceptible a cipermetrina; también resultó ser resistente al organofosforado clorpirifos y al organoclorado DDT. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados corroboran que aun el piretroide cipermetrina, a pesar de su uso en el municipio Boyeros, continúa siendo efectivo para el control de Ae. aegypti.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: the control of Aedes aegypti remains the only available measure to reduce dengue transmission. Unfortunately, this vector has proved that it is capable of developing resistance to a great variety of toxic substances. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the resistance to chemical insecticides in larvae and adult vectors in Boyeros municipality, City of Havana as well as those mechanisms supporting it. METHODS: insecticide resistance of mosquito larvae and adults was evaluated with the WHO methodologies. The resistance mechanisms were determined through synergy and biochemical tests. Polyacrylamid gel electropheresis was applied to visualize esterases. RESULTS: larvae were susceptible to the evaluated organophosphate insecticides whereas resistance to pyrethroids, cypermethrin and deltamethrin was observed. Bioassays performed in larvae with temephos-made commercial product showed 100 % mortality up to 10 days, with daily change of water. It was proved that neither esterases nor glutathione transferase played an important role in larval insecticide resistance. Low frequency amplified esterase A4 was present in the studied samples. In adult stage, Boyeros strain was resistant to pyrethroids ciflutrhine and Lambdacyalothrine, in verification to deltamethrine and susceptible to cypermethrine; it was also resistant to organophosphate chlorpiriphos and organochlorate DDT. CONCLUSIONS: these results confirm that although the pyrethroid cipermethrine has been widely used in Boyeros municipality, it continues being effective for Ae. aegypti control.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Pyrethroid and DDT cross-resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene.

          Samples of the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected from 13 localities between 1995 and 1998. Two laboratory strains, Bora (French Polynesia) and AEAE, were both susceptible to DDT and permethrin; all other strains, except Larentuka (Indonesia) and Bouaké (Ivory Coast), contained individual fourth-instar larvae resistant to permethrin. Ten strains were subjected to a range of biochemical assays. Many strains had elevated carboxylesterase activity compared to the Bora strain; this was particularly high in the Indonesian strains Salatiga and Semarang, and in the Guyane strain (Cayenne). Monooxygenase levels were increased in the Salatiga and Paea (Polynesia) strains, and reduced in the two Thai strains (Mae Kaza, Mae Kud) and the Larentuka strain. Glutathione S-transferase activity was elevated in the Guyane strain. All other enzyme profiles were similar to the susceptible strain. The presence of both DDT and pyrethroid resistance in the Semarang, Belem (Brazil) and Long Hoa (Vietnam) strains suggested the presence of a knock-down resistant (kdr)-type resistance mechanism. Part of the S6 hydrophobic segment of domain II of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was obtained by RT-PCR and sequenced from several insects from all 13 field strains. Four novel mutations were identified. Three strains contained identical amino acid substitutions at two positions, two strains shared a different substitution, and one strain was homozygous for a fourth alteration. The leucine to phenylalanine substitution that confers nerve insensitivity to pyrethroids in a range of other resistant insects was absent. Direct neurophysiological assays on individual larvae from three strains with these mutations demonstrated reduced nerve sensitivity to permethrin or lambda cyhalothrin inhibition compared to the susceptible strains.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Genomic analysis of detoxification genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

            Annotation of the recently determined genome sequence of the major dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, reveals an abundance of detoxification genes. Here, we report the presence of 235 members of the cytochrome P450, glutathione transferase and carboxy/cholinesterase families in Ae. aegypti. This gene count represents an increase of 58% and 36% compared with the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, respectively. The expansion is not uniform within the gene families. Secure orthologs can be found across the insect species for enzymes that have presumed or proven biosynthetic or housekeeping roles. In contrast, subsets of these gene families that are associated with general xenobiotic detoxification, in particular the CYP6, CYP9 and alpha esterase families, have expanded in Ae. aegypti. In order to identify detoxification genes associated with resistance to insecticides we constructed an array containing unique oligonucleotide probes for these genes and compared their expression level in insecticide resistant and susceptible strains. Several candidate genes were identified with the majority belonging to two gene families, the CYP9 P450s and the Epsilon GSTs. This 'Ae. aegypti Detox Chip' will facilitate the implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies for arboviral control programmes.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The Anopheles gambiae detoxification chip: a highly specific microarray to study metabolic-based insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.

              Metabolic pathways play an important role in insecticide resistance, but the full spectra of the genes involved in resistance has not been established. We constructed a microarray containing unique fragments from 230 Anopheles gambiae genes putatively involved in insecticide metabolism [cytochrome P450s (P450s), GSTs, and carboxylesterases and redox genes, partners of the P450 oxidative metabolic complex, and various controls]. We used this detox chip to monitor the expression of the detoxifying genes in insecticide resistant and susceptible An. gambiae laboratory strains. Five genes were strongly up-regulated in the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-resistant strain ZAN/U. These genes included the GST GSTE2, which has previously been implicated in dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane resistance, two P450s, and two peroxidase genes. GSTE2 was also elevated in the pyrethroid-resistant RSP strain. In addition, the P450 CYP325A3, belonging to a class not previously associated with insecticide resistance, was expressed at statistically higher levels in this strain. The applications of this detox chip and its potential contribution to malaria vector insecticide resistance management programs are discussed.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mtr
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
                Rev Cubana Med Trop
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3054
                August 2009
                : 61
                : 2
                : 0
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí Cuba
                [2 ] Centro Municipal Higiene y Epidemiología Cuba
                Article
                S0375-07602009000200010
                c0f2c74a-e988-4bc1-9f30-49b8282d9dd6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0375-0760&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Aedes aegypti,resistance to chemical insecticides,esterases,glutathione transferase,resistencia a insecticidas,esterasas,glutation transferasa

                Comments

                Comment on this article