44
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      SARC‐F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          A brief, inexpensive screening test for sarcopenia would be helpful for clinicians and their patients. To screen for persons with sarcopenia, we developed a simple five‐item questionnaire (SARC‐F) based on cardinal features or consequences of sarcopenia.

          Methods

          We investigated the utility of SARC‐F in the African American Health (AAH) study, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Internal consistency reliability for SARC‐F was determined using Cronbach's alpha. We evaluated SARC‐F factorial validity using principal components analysis and criterion validity by examining its association with exam‐based indicators of sarcopenia. Construct validity was examined using cross‐sectional and longitudinal differences among those with high (≥4) vs. low (<4) SARC‐F scores for mortality and health outcomes.

          Results

          SARC‐F exhibited good internal consistency reliability and factorial, criterion, and construct validity. AAH participants with SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 had more Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) deficits, slower chair stand times, lower grip strength, lower short physical performance battery scores, and a higher likelihood of recent hospitalization and of having a gait speed of <0.8 m/s. SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 in AAH also were associated with 6 year IADL deficits, slower chair stand times, lower short physical performance battery scores, having a gait speed of <0.8 m/s, being hospitalized recently, and mortality. SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 in the BLSA cohort were associated with having more IADL deficits and lower grip strength (both hands) in cross‐sectional comparisons and with IADL deficits, lower grip strength (both hands), and mortality at follow‐up. NHANES participants with SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 had slower 20 ft walk times, had lower peak force knee extensor strength, and were more likely to have been hospitalized recently in cross‐sectional analyses.

          Conclusions

          The SARC‐F proved internally consistent and valid for detecting persons at risk for adverse outcomes from sarcopenia in AAH, BLSA, and NHANES.

          Related collections

          Most cited references14

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training and targeted multidisciplinary treatment of frailty on mortality and nursing home admissions after hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial.

          Excess mortality and residual disability are common after hip fracture. Twelve months of high-intensity weight-lifting exercise and targeted multidisciplinary interventions will result in lower mortality, nursing home admissions, and disability compared with usual care after hip fracture. Randomized, controlled, parallel-group superiority study. Outpatient clinic Patients (n = 124) admitted to public hospital for surgical repair of hip fracture between 2003 and 2007. Twelve months of geriatrician-supervised high-intensity weight-lifting exercise and targeted treatment of balance, osteoporosis, nutrition, vitamin D/calcium, depression, cognition, vision, home safety, polypharmacy, hip protectors, self-efficacy, and social support. Functional independence: mortality, nursing home admissions, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs/IADLs), and assistive device utilization. Risk of death was reduced by 81% (age-adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.19 [0.04-0.91]; P < .04) in the HIPFIT group (n = 4) compared with usual care controls (n = 8). Nursing home admissions were reduced by 84% (age-adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.16 [0.04-0.64]; P < .01) in the experimental group (n = 5) compared with controls (n = 12). Basic ADLs declined less (P < .0001) and assistive device use was significantly lower at 12 months (P = .02) in the intervention group compared with controls. The targeted improvements in upper body strength, nutrition, depressive symptoms, vision, balance, cognition, self-efficacy, and habitual activity level were all related to ADL improvements (P < .0001-.02), and improvements in basic ADLs, vision, and walking endurance were associated with reduced nursing home use (P < .0001-.05). The HIPFIT intervention reduced mortality, nursing home admissions, and ADL dependency compared with usual care. Copyright © 2012 American Medical Directors Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation on muscle mass in treatment of sarcopenia in old age: a systematic review.

            Much interest has been focused on nutritional treatment of sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and performance associated to aging; however, its benefits are unclear. To analyze the relevance of nutritional treatment of sarcopenia and assess the effects of supplementation on muscle mass and function within the aged population. We searched Medline and the Cochrane Library for controlled trials published between 1991 and 2012. We have assessed the quality, type of intervention, the cohort used, the way muscle mass was measured, and the outcomes of the various studies. We have included 17 studies, with a total of 1287 patients, aged between 65 and 85 on average. An improvement in muscle mass was proven, whether measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and an improvement in strength was also proven. Nutritional supplementation is effective in the treatment of sarcopenia in old age, and its positive effects increase when associated with physical exercise. The main limitation of this treatment is lack of long-term adherence. A healthy diet associated with a physically active lifestyle and possibly with aerobic exercise are the basis of healthy aging, which is the aim of all doctors treating aged people must seek. Copyright © 2013 American Medical Directors Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              FRAX(®) with and without bone mineral density.

              The use of FRAX, particularly in the absence of BMD, has been the subject of some debate and is the focus of this review. The clinical risk factors used in FRAX have high validity as judged from an evidence-based assessment and identify a risk that is responsive to pharmaceutical intervention. Moreover, treatment effects, with the possible exception of alendronate, are not dependent on baseline BMD and strongly suggest that FRAX identifies high-risk patients who respond to pharmaceutical interventions. In addition, the selection of high-risk individuals with FRAX, without knowledge of BMD, preferentially selects for low BMD. The prediction of fractures with the use of clinical risk factors alone in FRAX is comparable to the use of BMD alone to predict fractures and is suitable, therefore, in the many countries where DXA facilities are sparse. In countries where access to BMD is greater, FRAX can be used without BMD in the majority of cases and BMD tests reserved for those close to a probability-based intervention threshold. Whereas the efficacy for agents to reduce fracture risk has not been tested prospectively in randomized controlled trials in patients selected on the basis of FRAX probabilities, there is compelling evidence that FRAX with or without the use of BMD provides a well-validated instrument for targeting patients most likely to benefit from an intervention.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                10.1007/13539.2190-6009
                JCSM
                Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2190-5991
                2190-6009
                07 July 2015
                March 2016
                : 7
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/jcsm.v7.1 )
                : 28-36
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Neurology & PsychiatrySaint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63104USA
                [ 2 ] Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63104USA
                [ 3 ] Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and Center for Aging ResearchIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202USA
                [ 4 ] National Institute on Aging, Translational Gerontology BranchBiomedical Research Center Baltimore MD 21224USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]Correspondence to: Theodore K. Malmstrom, Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA, Tel: 314‐977‐4814, Fax: 314‐977‐4879, Email: malmsttk@ 123456slu.edu
                Article
                JCSM12048 JCSM-D-14-00065
                10.1002/jcsm.12048
                4799853
                27066316
                c0fd1bcb-b24a-449b-9d6a-788f0c2d1a9e
                © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 12 September 2014
                : 07 April 2015
                : 23 April 2015
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute on Aging to Dr D. K. Miller
                Award ID: R01 AG010436
                Funded by: Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                jcsm12048
                March 2016
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:4.8.5 mode:remove_FC converted:20.03.2016

                Orthopedics
                sarcopenia,screening,mobility,function
                Orthopedics
                sarcopenia, screening, mobility, function

                Comments

                Comment on this article