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      Arthroscopic evaluation for omalgia patients undergoing the clavicular hook plate fixation of distal clavicle fractures

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          Abstract

          Background

          The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomic changes in the shoulder joints responsible for omalgia after the clavicular hook plate fixation under arthroscope.

          Methods

          Arthroscopic examination was carried out for 12 omalgia patients who underwent clavicular hook plate fixation due to distal clavicle fractures. Functional outcome of shoulder was measured by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before and after the withdrawal of the fixation plate.

          Results

          The rotator cuff compression by the clavicular hook was arthroscopically observed in 11 of the 12 cases. The JOA scores of the shoulder were significantly improved at 1 month after the withdrawal of the fixation plate (pain, 28 ± 2.4 vs. 15 ± 5.2; function, 19.2 ± 1.0 vs. 11.7 ± 1.9; range of movements, 26.8 ± 2.6 vs. 14.8 ± 3.4) compared with before.

          Conclusions

          The impingement of the hook to the rotator cuff may be the main cause for the omalgia. The appropriate hook and plate that fit to the curve of the clavicle as well as the acromion are necessary to decrease the severity of omalgia.

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          Most cited references34

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          Fractures of the distal third of the clavicle.

          C S Neer (2015)
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            Treatment of distal clavicle fracture: a systematic review of treatment modalities in 425 fractures.

            The Neer type II distal clavicle fracture is notorious for its high nonunion rate, and surgical treatment is usually recommended. We reviewed articles from January 1990 to September 2009, and among them, 425 cases from 21 studies were included. According to the 425 cases in the literature, sixty patients were treated nonsurgically and 365 surgically. From 365 patients who were treated surgically, 105 were identified as receiving the coracoclavicular stabilization, 162 hook plate, 42 intramedullary fixation, 16 interfragmentary fixation, and 40 K-wire plus tension band wiring. The nonsurgical treatment resulted in 20 (33.3%) nonunions and 4 (6.7%) other complications. The surgical treatment resulted in 6 (1.6%) nonunions, 81 (22.2%) complications other than nonunion. The nonunion rate was significantly high with nonsurgical treatment (p < 0.001), and the complication rate was statistically high with surgery (p = 0.002). With surgical treatment, the nonunion rate was not significantly different among the modalities (p = 0.391). The complication rate was significantly higher in cases of the hook plate (40.7%) and the K-wire plus tension band wiring (20.0%) than those of the coracoclavicular stabilization (4.8%), the intramedullary (2.4%) and the interfragmentary fixation (6.3%). For the nonsurgical treatment, the functional outcomes were generally acceptable despite the high nonunion rate. The nonsurgical treatment could be considered as the first line treatment after sufficient counsel with the patient. The nonunion rate is high, however, the functional outcome is acceptable in most of the cases with nonunion. If the surgical treatment is considered, the intramedullary screw fixation, CC stabilization and interfragmentary fixation would be preferred because of their low complication rate.
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              Primary nonoperative treatment of displaced lateral fractures of the clavicle.

              The optimal management of displaced fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle remains controversial. Successful results have been reported both with primary open reduction and internal fixation and with nonoperative treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of employing a policy of primary nonoperative treatment of displaced lateral fractures of the clavicle. We treated a cohort of 127 patients who had sustained a displaced fracture of the lateral end of the clavicle. With the exception of seven patients who had immediate internal fixation, all of these patients were treated nonoperatively. At the time of follow-up, nineteen patients had died or could not be traced and fifteen were interviewed by telephone only. The remaining eighty-six patients were assessed clinically at an average of 6.2 years after the injury. All of these patients had a functional evaluation and were assessed radiographically. Fourteen (14%) of the 101 patients who could be contacted had had symptoms severe enough to warrant delayed surgical intervention (Group I). The remaining eighty-seven patients had not undergone any surgery, and twenty-one of them (21% of the whole cohort) had a nonunion of the clavicular fracture. The average Constant score in the nonoperatively treated group was 93 points (range, 82 to 98 points). With the numbers available, there was no significant difference in the Constant or Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores between the patients with nonunion (Group II) and those in whom the fracture had healed (Group III) or between the patients who had been treated nonoperatively (Groups II and III) and those who had had delayed surgery (Group I). There was no significant difference between the SF-36 scores in any of the groups and the scores for age-matched controls in the general population. Nonoperative treatment of most displaced lateral fractures of the clavicle in middle-aged and elderly patients achieves a good medium-term functional result. Symptoms that were severe enough to warrant a delayed reconstructive procedure developed in only 14% of the patients. Asymptomatic nonunion does not appear to adversely affect the functional outcome in the medium term.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Orthop Surg Res
                J Orthop Surg Res
                Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
                BioMed Central
                1749-799X
                2014
                11 June 2014
                : 9
                : 46
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 20072, China
                Article
                1749-799X-9-46
                10.1186/1749-799X-9-46
                4084496
                24917508
                c103e86f-e00c-46fc-a989-46e518717971
                Copyright © 2014 Gu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 29 November 2013
                : 26 May 2014
                Categories
                Research Article

                Surgery
                clavicular hook plate,distal clavicle fractures,shoulder arthroscopy
                Surgery
                clavicular hook plate, distal clavicle fractures, shoulder arthroscopy

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