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      Validation of the SarQoL®, a specific health‐related quality of life questionnaire for Sarcopenia

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          Abstract

          Background

          A specific self‐administrated health‐related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia and Quality Of Life (SarQoL®), has been recently developed. This questionnaire is composed of 55 items translated into 22 questions and organized into seven domains of quality of life. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the psychometric properties (discriminative power, validity, reliability, floor and ceiling effects) of the SarQoL® questionnaire.

          Methods

          Sarcopenic subjects were recruited in an outpatient clinic in Liège, Belgium and were diagnosed according to the algorithm developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. We compared the score of the SarQoL® between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic subjects using a logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient; construct validity was assessed using convergent and divergent validities. Test–retest reliability was verified after a two‐week interval using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). At last, floor and ceiling effects were also tested.

          Results

          A total of 296 subjects with a median age of 73.3 (68.9–78.6) years were recruited for this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed sarcopenic. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the total score and the scores of the different dimensions of the SarQoL® questionnaire were significantly lower for sarcopenic than for non‐sarcopenic subjects (54.7 (45.9–66.3) for sarcopenic vs. 67.8 (57.3 – 79.0) for non sarcopenic, OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.90–0.96)). Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. The SarQoL® questionnaire data showed good correlation with some domains of the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) and the EuroQoL 5‐dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires and with the mobility test. An excellent agreement between the test and the retest was found with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.82–0.95). At last, neither floor nor ceiling effects were detected.

          Conclusions

          The SarQoL® questionnaire is valid, consistent, and reliable and can therefore be recommended for clinical and research purposes. However, its sensitivity to change needs to be assessed in future longitudinal studies.

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          Most cited references16

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          Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

          Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334
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            Psychometric theory.

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              Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico.

              Muscle mass decreases with age, leading to "sarcopenia," or low relative muscle mass, in elderly people. Sarcopenia is believed to be associated with metabolic, physiologic, and functional impairments and disability. Methods of estimating the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated risks in elderly populations are lacking. Data from a population-based survey of 883 elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women living in New Mexico (the New Mexico Elder Health Survey, 1993-1995) were analyzed to develop a method for estimating the prevalence of sarcopenia. An anthropometric equation for predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass was developed from a random subsample (n = 199) of participants and was extended to the total sample. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/height2 (m2) being less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young reference group. Prevalences increased from 13-24% in persons under 70 years of age to >50% in persons over 80 years of age, and were slightly greater in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic whites. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with self-reported physical disability in both men and women, independent of ethnicity, age, morbidity, obesity, income, and health behaviors. This study provides some of the first estimates of the extent of the public health problem posed by sarcopenia.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                c.beaudart@ulg.ac.be
                Journal
                J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                10.1007/13539.2190-6009
                JCSM
                Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2190-5991
                2190-6009
                22 October 2016
                April 2017
                : 8
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1002/jcsm.v8.2 )
                : 238-244
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Health EconomicsUniversity of Liège, Quartier Hôpital LiègeBelgium
                [ 2 ] Division of Bone DiseasesGeneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Geneva 14Switzerland
                [ 3 ] Cartilage and Muscle Metabolism Unit and Chair of the Department of Public Health Sciences CHU Liège LiègeBelgium
                [ 4 ] Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse); UMR INSERM 1027 University of Toulouse III ToulouseFrance
                [ 5 ]Vrije Universiteit Brussel BrusselsBelgium
                [ 6 ] Geriatric DepartmentCHU Liège ChénéeBelgium
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence to: Charlotte Beaudart, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13—CHU B23, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Fax: +32 4 366 28 12, Email: c.beaudart@ 123456ulg.ac.be
                Article
                JCSM12149 JCSM-D-15-00177
                10.1002/jcsm.12149
                5377391
                27897430
                c10b875b-8480-400e-b20e-f3e86afdbbcf
                © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 09 October 2015
                : 12 April 2016
                : 09 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, Pages: 7, Words: 3954
                Funding
                Funded by: International Osteoporosis Foundation
                Funded by: Servier
                Funded by: FNRS
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                jcsm12149
                jcsm12149-hdr-0001
                April 2017
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.0.9 mode:remove_FC converted:03.04.2017

                Orthopedics
                sarcopenia,quality of life,sarqol®,psychometric validation,questionnaire
                Orthopedics
                sarcopenia, quality of life, sarqol®, psychometric validation, questionnaire

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