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      A Survey on Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Routing Protocols

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          Abstract

          Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have become more and more important in ocean exploration applications, such as ocean monitoring, pollution detection, ocean resource management, underwater device maintenance, etc. In underwater acoustic sensor networks, since the routing protocol guarantees reliable and effective data transmission from the source node to the destination node, routing protocol design is an attractive topic for researchers. There are many routing algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To present the current state of development of UASN routing protocols, we review herein the UASN routing protocol designs reported in recent years. In this paper, all the routing protocols have been classified into different groups according to their characteristics and routing algorithms, such as the non-cross-layer design routing protocol, the traditional cross-layer design routing protocol, and the intelligent algorithm based routing protocol. This is also the first paper that introduces intelligent algorithm-based UASN routing protocols. In addition, in this paper, we investigate the development trends of UASN routing protocols, which can provide researchers with clear and direct insights for further research.

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          An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks

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              Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges.

              This paper examines the main approaches and challenges in the design and implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks. We summarize key applications and the main phenomena related to acoustic propagation, and discuss how they affect the design and operation of communication systems and networking protocols at various layers. We also provide an overview of communications hardware, testbeds and simulation tools available to the research community.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                22 March 2016
                March 2016
                : 16
                : 3
                : 414
                Affiliations
                Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Software y Sistemal Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad (CITSEM), Campus Sur Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain; jf.martinez@ 123456upm.es (J.-F.M.); juan.meneses@ 123456upm.es (J.M.M.C.); martina.eckert@ 123456upm.es (M.E.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: li.ning@ 123456upm.es ; Tel.: +34-91-336-5511; Fax: +34-91-336-7817
                Article
                sensors-16-00414
                10.3390/s16030414
                4813989
                27011193
                c13a8488-2ee4-4712-8806-dc6d2e354e0a
                © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 04 February 2016
                : 16 March 2016
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                underwater acoustic sensor network,routing protocol,cross-layer design,intelligent algorithm based

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