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      Pediatric brainstem oligodendroglioma

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The authors present the first report of pediatric brainstem oligodendroglioma, infiltrating midbrain, and medulla oblongata. The report details clinical features, radiological findings, and surgical steps. As this entity is exceedingly uncommon, the overall epidemiology, prognosis, and long-term outcome remain far from established.

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          Stereotaxic suboccipital transcerebellar biopsy of pontine mass lesions.

          Ciarán Kelly, C D Abernathey, Guillermo Camacho (1989)
          Twenty-six patients (16 male and 10 female) ranging in age from 5 to 68 years underwent suboccipital transcerebellar stereotaxic biopsy of mass lesions situated in the pons. Stereotaxic computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiographic data were obtained while the patient was positioned in an inverted custom stereotaxic head frame. The patients were then placed under general endotracheal anesthesia and positioned prone. Optimal trajectory planning utilized a transcerebellar route directed through the middle cerebellar peduncle, with target and entry points calculated to avoid vascular structures. No complications were encountered in the perioperative period when this technique was used. Histological diagnosis of the lesions revealed: astrocytomas in 14 patients, oligodendroglioma in one, ependymoma in one, arteriovenous malformations in two, radionecrosis in one, cryptococcal abscess in one, demyelinating disease in three, and infarctions in three. No consistent correlation could be made between radiographic characteristics and histological diagnoses. Empiric treatment of brain-stem lesions without tissue diagnosis based upon the radiological and clinical findings may result in inappropriate therapy administration. Alternatively, open operative procedures to obtain tissue require a visible surface abnormality to guide biopsy, and carry the risks of a major surgical procedure in already compromised patients. For these reasons the authors consider a suboccipital transcerebellar stereotaxic biopsy to be the diagnostic procedure of choice in the assessment of pontine mass lesions.
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            Oligodendroglioma in childhood.

            K-C Wang, J G Chi, B. K. Cho (1993)
            Fifteen pediatric (age under 16) cases of oligodendroglioma (ODG) were surgically proven from January 1985 to April 1992 at the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital. To observe the proportion of ODG's in primary intracranial tumors, the location of ODG's and the prognostic significance of the histological grading of ODG's in childhood, the 15 cases of pediatric ODG's were retrospectively analyzed. ODG's accounted for 5.6% of pediatric primary intracranial tumors operated on during the same period. Nine tumors were located in the cerebral hemisphere (3 cases each in the frontal, temporal and parietooccipital lobes), 1 in the thalamus, 2 in the pons-medulla, 2 in the cerebellum and 1 in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Four tumors were anaplastic and an additional case showed positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology for tumor cells. All the cases of anaplasia or positive CSF cytology had a poor outcome. All the seven cases of benign ODG's in cerebral hemispheres presented with seizures which were controlled with or without medication after tumor removal.
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              Low-grade oligodendroglioma of the pineal gland: a case report and review of the literature

              Georgia Levidou, Penelope Korkolopoulou, George Agrogiannis … (2010)
              Background Gliomas are a very rare subtype of pineal region tumours, whereas oligodendrogliomas of the pineal region are exceedingly rare, since there have been only 3 cases of anaplastic oligodedrogliomas reported this far. Methods-Results We present a case of a low-grade oligodendroglioma arising in the pineal gland of a 37 year-old woman. The patient presented with diplopia associated with a cystic pineal region mass demonstrated on MRI. Total resection was performed and histological examination showed that the cystic wall consisted of tumour cells with a central nucleus a perinuclear halo and minimal pleomorphism. Immnunohistochemical analysis showed that these cells were diffusely positive for CD57, and negative for GFAP, CD10, CD99, cytokeratins, neurofilaments and synaptophysin. FISH analysis was performed in a small number of neoplastic cells, which were not exhausted after immunohistochemistry and did not reveal deletion of 1p and 19q chromosome arms. However, the diagnosis of a low grade oligodendroglioma of the pineal gland was assigned. Conclusion Although the spectrum of tumours arising in the pineal gland is broad, the reports of oligodendrogliomas confined to this location are exceedingly rare, and to the best of our knowledge there is no report of a low-grade oligodendroglioma. However, they should be added in the long list of tumours arising in the pineal gland.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Neurosci Rural Pract
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JNRP
                Title: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0976-3147
                ISSN (Electronic): 0976-3155
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Apr 2012
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 52-54
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Neurosurgery and Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Sandeep Mohindra, Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail: sandeepneuro@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JNRP-3-52
                DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.91940
                PMC ID: 3271616
                PubMed ID: 22346193
                SO-VID: c13f3ce1-9de6-4569-a017-2834c8cae3ff
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: oligodendroglioma,pediatrics,brain stem tumors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: oligodendroglioma, pediatrics, brain stem tumors

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