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      Skyrmionium – high velocity without the skyrmion Hall effect

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          Abstract

          The lateral motion of a magnetic skyrmion, arising because of the skyrmion Hall effect, imposes a number of restrictions on the use of this spin state in the racetrack memory. A skyrmionium is a more promising spin texture for memory applications, since it has zero total topological charge and propagates strictly along a nanotrack. Here, the stability of the skyrmionium, as well as the dependence of its size on the magnetic parameters, such as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, are studied by means of micromagnetic simulations. We propose an advanced method for the skyrmionium nucleation due to a local enhancement of the spin Hall effect. The stability of the skyrmionium being in motion under the action of the spin polarized current is analyzed.

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          Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal.

          X. Yu, Y Onose, N Kanazawa … (2010)
          Crystal order is not restricted to the periodic atomic array, but can also be found in electronic systems such as the Wigner crystal or in the form of orbital order, stripe order and magnetic order. In the case of magnetic order, spins align parallel to each other in ferromagnets and antiparallel in antiferromagnets. In other, less conventional, cases, spins can sometimes form highly nontrivial structures called spin textures. Among them is the unusual, topologically stable skyrmion spin texture, in which the spins point in all the directions wrapping a sphere. The skyrmion configuration in a magnetic solid is anticipated to produce unconventional spin-electronic phenomena such as the topological Hall effect. The crystallization of skyrmions as driven by thermal fluctuations has recently been confirmed in a narrow region of the temperature/magnetic field (T-B) phase diagram in neutron scattering studies of the three-dimensional helical magnets MnSi (ref. 17) and Fe(1-x)Co(x)Si (ref. 22). Here we report real-space imaging of a two-dimensional skyrmion lattice in a thin film of Fe(0.5)Co(0.5)Si using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. With a magnetic field of 50-70 mT applied normal to the film, we observe skyrmions in the form of a hexagonal arrangement of swirling spin textures, with a lattice spacing of 90 nm. The related T-B phase diagram is found to be in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. In this two-dimensional case, the skyrmion crystal seems very stable and appears over a wide range of the phase diagram, including near zero temperature. Such a controlled nanometre-scale spin topology in a thin film may be useful in observing unconventional magneto-transport effects.
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            Magnetic domain-wall racetrack memory.

            Stuart S P Parkin, Masamitsu Hayashi, Luc Thomas (2008)
            Recent developments in the controlled movement of domain walls in magnetic nanowires by short pulses of spin-polarized current give promise of a nonvolatile memory device with the high performance and reliability of conventional solid-state memory but at the low cost of conventional magnetic disk drive storage. The racetrack memory described in this review comprises an array of magnetic nanowires arranged horizontally or vertically on a silicon chip. Individual spintronic reading and writing nanodevices are used to modify or read a train of approximately 10 to 100 domain walls, which store a series of data bits in each nanowire. This racetrack memory is an example of the move toward innately three-dimensional microelectronic devices.
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              Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures.

              J Sampaio, V. Cros, S Rohart … (2013)
              Magnetic skyrmions are topologically stable spin configurations, which usually originate from chiral interactions known as Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. Skyrmion lattices were initially observed in bulk non-centrosymmetric crystals, but have more recently been noted in ultrathin films, where their existence is explained by interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions induced by the proximity to an adjacent layer with strong spin-orbit coupling. Skyrmions are promising candidates as information carriers for future information-processing devices due to their small size (down to a few nanometres) and to the very small current densities needed to displace skyrmion lattices. However, any practical application will probably require the creation, manipulation and detection of isolated skyrmions in magnetic thin-film nanostructures. Here, we demonstrate by numerical investigations that an isolated skyrmion can be a stable configuration in a nanostructure, can be locally nucleated by injection of spin-polarized current, and can be displaced by current-induced spin torques, even in the presence of large defects.
              Article 0 comments Cited 568 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alexander G. Kolesnikov: kolesnickov.a@gmail.com
                Alexander S. Samardak:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-4361
                samardak.as@dvfu.ru
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 November 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 16966
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0637 7917, GRID grid.440624.0, School of Natural Sciences, , Far Eastern Federal University, ; Vladivostok, Russia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9958 5862, GRID grid.440724.1, National Research South Ural State University, ; Chelyabinsk, Russia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-4361
                Article
                Publisher ID: 34934
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34934-2
                PMC ID: 6240074
                PubMed ID: 30446670
                SO-VID: c13fd0e2-b9cf-435e-8ac1-888b3e347dae
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2018
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 10 May 2018
                Date accepted : 27 October 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR);
                Award ID: 17-52-50060
                Award ID: 18-32-00867
                Award ID: 17-52-50060
                Award ID: 18-32-00867
                Award ID: 17-52-50060
                Award ID: 17-52-50060
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Article
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                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018

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