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      Himalayan glaciers experienced significant mass loss during later phases of little ice age

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          Abstract

          To date, there is a gap in the data about the state and mass balance of glaciers in the climate-sensitive subtropical regions during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Here, based on an unprecedented tree-ring sampling coverage, we present the longest reconstructed mass balance record for the Western Himalayan glaciers, dating to 1615. Our results confirm that the later phase of LIA was substantially briefer and weaker in the Himalaya than in the Arctic and subarctic regions. Furthermore, analysis of the time-series of the mass-balance against other time-series shows clear evidence of the existence of (i) a significant glacial decay and a significantly weaker magnitude of glaciation during the latter half of the LIA; (ii) a weak regional mass balance dependence on either the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) taken in isolation, but a considerable combined influence of both of them during the LIA; and (iii) in addition to anthropogenic climate change, the strong effect from the increased yearly concurrence of extremely high TSI with El Niño over the past five decades, resulting in severe glacial mass loss. The generated mass balance time-series can serve as a source of reliable reconstructed data to the scientific community.

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          The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project

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            Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification

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              A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mayankshekhar01@gmail.com
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                4 September 2017
                4 September 2017
                2017
                : 7
                : 10305
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1014 8699, GRID grid.6926.b, Division of Space Technology, , Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, ; Luleå, Sweden
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2111 7257, GRID grid.4488.0, Institut für Kartographie, , Technische Universität Dresden, ; Dresden, Germany
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1764 278X, GRID grid.412552.5, Department of Environmental Science, , Sharda University, ; Greater Noida, India
                [5 ]GRID grid.466807.b, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Armilla, ; Granada, Spain
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2199 0769, GRID grid.462011.0, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), ; 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-388X
                Article
                9212
                10.1038/s41598-017-09212-2
                5583174
                28871188
                c1454102-42fe-4e59-a9c1-7df3d8a0453e
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 4 May 2017
                : 24 July 2017
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