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      Body fat percentage comparisons between four methods in young football players: are they comparable? Translated title: Comparación del porcentaje de grasa corporal medido con cuatro métodos diferentes en jóvenes futbolistas: ¿son comparables?

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry are four body composition methods that have been frequently used for the assessment of body fat percentage (%BF) in athletes. However, the agreement between these methods has not been studied yet in adolescent football players. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare %BF calculated by DXA, ADP, BIA and anthropometry in 92 participants. Methods: Sixty-four males (13.4 ± 0.6 years of age) and 28 females (13.4 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study. %BF was measured with four methods: DXA, ADP, BIA, and anthropometry. ADP %BF was calculated by using Siri's equation. The equation proposed by Slaughter et al. was used to calculate %BF by anthropometry. Paired t-test was used to compare %BF means. The heteroscedasticity was calculated by Bland-Altman analyses. Results and conclusions: Both in males and females, DXA, ADP, BIA and Slaughter et al. equation demonstrated significant %BF differences when compared to each other (p < 0.05); 95% limits of agreements ranged from 5.13 to 15.09% points. Only BIA showed heteroscedasticity compared to the other methods in both genders (p < 0.05). Although DXA, ADP, BIA, and anthropometry have been used in the scientific literature in order to assess %BF in adolescent football players, these results demonstrate that these body composition methods are not interchangeable in this population.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción: los métodos absorciometría fotónica dual de rayos X (DXA), pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire (ADP), análisis de la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) y antropometría han sido utilizados para el cálculo del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%CG) en atletas. Sin embargo, la concordancia entre estos métodos no ha sido estudiada en futbolistas adolescentes. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el %GC calculado mediante DXA, ADP, BIA y antropometría en 92 participantes. Métodos: sesenta y cuatro chicos (13,4 ± 0,6 años) y 28 chicas (13,4 ± 0,6 años) participaron en este estudio. El %GC fue medido mediante cuatro métodos diferentes: DXA, ADP, BIA, y antropometría. ADP %GC fue calculado a partir de la ecuación de Siri. La ecuación propuesta por Slaughter y cols. fue utilizada para calcular el %CG mediante antropometría y se emplearon las pruebas t de Student para muestras relacionadas para comparar las medias de %CG. La heterocedasticidad fue calculada por análisis de Bland-Altman. Resultados y conclusiones: tanto en chicos como en chicas, DXA, ADP, BIA y la ecuación de Slaughter y cols. demostraron diferencias significativas en el %GC al ser comparados (p < 0,05). Los límites de concordancia al 95% oscilaron entre 5,13 y 15,09%. El BIA fue el único método que mostró heterocedasticidad con los otros métodos (p < 0.05). Aunque los métodos DXA, ADP, BIA y la antropometría han sido usados en la literatura científica para calcular el %GC en futbolistas adolescentes, estos resultados demuestran que estos métodos de valoración de la composición corporal no son intercambiables en la población de estudio.

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          Why Bland-Altman plots should use X, not (Y+X)/2 when X is a reference method.

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            Health-related fitness in adolescents: underweight, and not only overweight, as an influencing factor. The AVENA study.

            This study investigated differences in health-related fitness (20-m shuttle run, handgrip, bent arm hang, standing long jump, shuttle run 4 x 10 m and sit and reach tests) in 2474 Spanish adolescents (1196 boys and 1278 girls; age 13-18.5 years) classed as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese according to body mass index. Body fat and fat-free mass were derived from skinfold thickness. The prevalence of underweight was higher than obesity in girls (4.8% vs 3.0%, respectively; P<0.05) and the opposite in boys (3.9% vs 5.8%, respectively; P<0.05). Underweight was associated with a higher performance in the bent arm hang test in girls (P<0.05) and a lower performance in handgrip in both genders (P<0.01) compared with normal weight. Overweight and obese adolescents presented a lower performance in 20-m shuttle run, bent arm hang, standing long jump and shuttle run 4 x 10 m tests (P<0.001), but a higher performance in handgrip strength (P<0.001) compared with normal weight. In weight-bearing tests, the association became non-significant after adjusting for fat mass. In conclusion, not only overweight and obesity but also underweight seem to be determinants of health-related fitness in adolescents. The associations could be related to differences in body composition.
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              Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                October 2017
                : 34
                : 5
                : 1119-1124
                Affiliations
                [03] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) orgdiv1Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 Spain
                [04] orgnameCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)
                [02] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD) orgdiv2Department of Physiatry and Nursing Spain
                [01] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112017000500015
                10.20960/nh.760
                29130710
                c14f63ba-0610-46bf-b3cc-c80d32a32e34

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 February 2017
                : 22 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Pliegues cutáneos,Absorciometría fotónica dual de rayos X,Composición corporal,Fútbol,Skinfold thickness,Photon,Absorptiometry,Body composition,Soccer

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