15
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Connective Tissue Growth Factor: From Molecular Understandings to Drug Discovery

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key signaling and regulatory molecule involved in different biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing, as well as multiple pathologies, such as tumor development and tissue fibrosis. Although the underlying mechanisms of CTGF remain incompletely understood, a commonly accepted theory is that the interactions between different protein domains in CTGF and other various regulatory proteins and ligands contribute to its variety of functions. Here, we highlight the structure of each domain of CTGF and its biology functions in physiological conditions. We further summarized main diseases that are deeply influenced by CTGF domains and the potential targets of these diseases. Finally, we address the advantages and disadvantages of current drugs targeting CTGF and provide the perspective for the drug discovery of the next generation of CTGF inhibitors based on aptamers.

          Related collections

          Most cited references193

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Proteomics. Tissue-based map of the human proteome.

          Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes

            Abstract Homology modelling has matured into an important technique in structural biology, significantly contributing to narrowing the gap between known protein sequences and experimentally determined structures. Fully automated workflows and servers simplify and streamline the homology modelling process, also allowing users without a specific computational expertise to generate reliable protein models and have easy access to modelling results, their visualization and interpretation. Here, we present an update to the SWISS-MODEL server, which pioneered the field of automated modelling 25 years ago and been continuously further developed. Recently, its functionality has been extended to the modelling of homo- and heteromeric complexes. Starting from the amino acid sequences of the interacting proteins, both the stoichiometry and the overall structure of the complex are inferred by homology modelling. Other major improvements include the implementation of a new modelling engine, ProMod3 and the introduction a new local model quality estimation method, QMEANDisCo. SWISS-MODEL is freely available at https://swissmodel.expasy.org.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues

              (2017)
              Characterization of the molecular function of the human genome and its variation across individuals is essential for identifying the cellular mechanisms that underlie human genetic traits and diseases. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project aims to characterize variation in gene expression levels across individuals and diverse tissues of the human body, many of which are not easily accessible. Here we describe genetic effects on gene expression levels across 44 human tissues. We find that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and we further identify inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci. On the basis of the identified genetic effects, we characterize patterns of tissue specificity, compare local and distal effects, and evaluate the functional properties of the genetic effects. We also demonstrate that multi-tissue, multi-individual data can be used to identify genes and pathways affected by human disease-associated variation, enabling a mechanistic interpretation of gene regulation and the genetic basis of disease.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Cell Dev Biol
                Front Cell Dev Biol
                Front. Cell Dev. Biol.
                Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2296-634X
                29 October 2020
                2020
                : 8
                : 593269
                Affiliations
                [1] 1School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
                [2] 2Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Congbao Kang, Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Singapore

                Reviewed by: Santosh Panjikar, Australian Synchrotron, Australia; Bernd Knöll, Ulm University, Germany

                *Correspondence: Zong-Kang Zhang, maxzhangzk@ 123456cuhk.edu.hk

                This article was submitted to Cellular Biochemistry, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

                Article
                10.3389/fcell.2020.593269
                7658337
                33195264
                c15ca0e4-1638-458c-b8ee-dcb32ebe4914
                Copyright © 2020 Chen, Zhang, Chu, Yu, Zhang, Zhang and Zhang.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 20 August 2020
                : 09 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 193, Pages: 17, Words: 0
                Categories
                Cell and Developmental Biology
                Review

                ctgf,fibrosis,aptamers,anti-ctgf,domain structure,ccn2
                ctgf, fibrosis, aptamers, anti-ctgf, domain structure, ccn2

                Comments

                Comment on this article