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      Drosophila Cuticular Hydrocarbons Revisited: Mating Status Alters Cuticular Profiles

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          Abstract

          Most living organisms use pheromones for inter-individual communication. In Drosophila melanogaster flies, several pheromones perceived either by contact/at a short distance (cuticular hydrocarbons, CHs), or at a longer distance ( cis-vaccenyl acetate, cVA), affect courtship and mating behaviours. However, it has not previously been possible to precisely identify all potential pheromonal compounds and simultaneously monitor their variation on a time scale. To overcome this limitation, we combined Solid Phase Micro-Extraction with gas-chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry. This allowed us ( i) to identify 59 cuticular compounds, including 17 new CHs; ( ii) to precisely quantify the amount of each compound that could be detected by another fly, and ( iii) to measure the variation of these substances as a function of aging and mating. Sex-specific variation appeared with age, while mating affected cuticular compounds in both sexes with three possible patterns: variation was ( i) reciprocal in the two sexes, suggesting a passive mechanical transfer during mating, ( ii) parallel in both sexes, such as for cVA which strikingly appeared during mating, or ( iii) unilateral, presumably as a result of sexual interaction. We provide a complete reassessment of all Drosophila CHs and suggest that the chemical conversation between male and female flies is far more complex than is generally accepted. We conclude that focusing on individual compounds will not provide a satisfactory understanding of the evolution and function of chemical communication in Drosophila.

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          Most cited references32

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          Ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of insect hydrocarbons.

          This review covers selected literature from 1982 to the present on some of the ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of hydrocarbon use by insects and other arthropods. Major ecological and behavioral topics are species- and gender-recognition, nestmate recognition, task-specific cues, dominance and fertility cues, chemical mimicry, and primer pheromones. Major biochemical topics include chain length regulation, mechanism of hydrocarbon formation, timing of hydrocarbon synthesis and transport, and biosynthesis of volatile hydrocarbon pheromones of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In addition, a section is devoted to future research needs in this rapidly growing area of science.
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            Cuticular hydrocarbons: their evolution and roles in Drosophila pheromonal communication.

            I review the recent literature on cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) in Drosophila. First, the major structural features of CHs are examined in a variety of species with regard to phylogeny. The genetic bases of the CH variation between and within species have been investigated with some of the genes involved characterized and manipulated. The effect of non-genetic factors as temperature, food and development is also examined with regard to CH production. Using a model involving the stimulating or the inhibiting role of CHs, it is possible to speculate on the mechanisms of CH perception and on the role(s) that these substances could play on sexual isolation and on the evolution of pheromonal communication.
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              Courtship behavior in Drosophila.

              H T Spieth (1973)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1932-6203
                2010
                9 March 2010
                : 5
                : 3
                : e9607
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-6265 CNRS, UMR-1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup, Dijon, France
                [2 ]Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
                INRA - Paris 6 - AgroParisTech, France
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: CE JPF JFF. Performed the experiments: CE JPF. Analyzed the data: CE. Wrote the paper: CE JPF MC JFF.

                Article
                09-PONE-RA-14713R1
                10.1371/journal.pone.0009607
                2834761
                20231905
                c1749716-6dad-4219-88d6-12500a50b5b8
                Everaerts et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                : 7 December 2009
                : 17 February 2010
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Categories
                Research Article
                Developmental Biology/Aging
                Ecology/Behavioral Ecology
                Evolutionary Biology/Animal Behavior
                Evolutionary Biology/Sexual Behavior

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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