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      HONGOS SIMBIONTES DE HORMIGAS CORTADORAS DE HOJAS DEL GÉNERO ACROMYRMEX EN BOSQUES SECOS DEL CENTRO DE ARGENTINA

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          Abstract

          Resumen Pelissero D.; F. Kuhar; M. Pereyra & E. Nouhra. 2021. Hongos simbiontes de hormigas cortadoras de hojas del género Acromyrmex en bosques secos del centro de Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 9(1): 162-172. Los hongos asociados a hormigas cortadoras de hojas (HCH) juegan un rol fundamental en los ecosistemas Neotropicales. La asociación con hongos permite que las HCH sean los herbívoros dominantes en esta región, y de esta manera influyan activamente en los procesos ecológicos. A fin de conocer la diversidad taxonómica de simbiontes fúngicos asociados a HCH, se realizó un relevamiento en 10 sitios correspondientes al distrito Chaqueño Serrano dentro de la provincia Chaqueña y al distrito del Algarrobo dentro de la provincia del Espinal. Se recolectaron muestras de hongos cultivados por hormigas cortadoras de hojas, y una parte del material fúngico se cultivó en agar papa con dextrosa y otra se almacenó en buffer CTAB. Se realizaron amplificaciones de la región ITS1, ITS2 y gen 5.8S ribosomal. Con las secuencias se realizaron análisis filogenéticos (Máxima Verosimilitud y Bayesiano). Los resultados muestran que las hormigas cortadoras de hojas en las regiones muestreadas cultivan hongos simbiontes de dos clados (conocidos como A y B) bien diferenciados filogenéticamente. Los cultivos presentaron un crecimiento lento con desarrollo de estructuras globosas llamadas gongilidios, las cuales se agrupan formando estafilos (racimos). Entre las hormigas estudiadas, Acromyrmex striatus se asocia con hongos de ambos clados. En el Espinal (distrito del Algarrobo) se encontró a A. striatus asociada con hongos del clado B (Leucocoprinus sp.) y en el Chaco Serrano (distrito Chaqueño Serrano) a hongos del clado A (Leucocoprinus gongylophorus). Mientras que Acromyrmex crassispinus y A. heyeri incluidas en el estudio cultivan exclusivamente a L. gongylophorus del clado A independientemente de la región que habiten. Además, se reporta la primera identificación molecular del hongo L. gongylophorus cultivado por Acromyrmex silvestrii.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Pelissero D.; F. Kuhar, M. Pereyra & E. Nouhra. 2021. Fungal symbionts of leaf-cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex in dry forest of central Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 9(1): 162-172. Fungi associated with leaf-cutter ants (LCAs) play a fundamental role in Neotropical ecosystems. The association with fungi allows LCAs to be the dominant herbivores and in this way influence ecological processes. In order to know the taxonomic diversity of fungal symbionts associated with LCAs, ten sampling sites were selected corresponding to the Chaqueño Serrano district and the Algarrobo district. Samples of fungi grown by leaf cutter ants were collected, a part of the fungal material was grown in potato agar culture medium with dextrose and another was stored in a CTAB buffer. Subsequently, amplifications of the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S ribosomal gene were carried out. A phylogenetic analysis (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian) was performed with the sequences. Results show that the leaf cutter ants in the sampled region cultivate symbiotic fungi of two well-differentiated phylogenetic clades (known as A and B). The agar cultures showed a slow growth, with development of globose structures named gongylidia that are grouped together forming staphyla (clusters). Among the ants studied, Acromyrmex striatus is associated with fungi from both clades. In the Espinal forest (Algarrobo district) A. striatus was found associated with clade B fungi (Leucocoprinus sp.) and in the Chaco Serrano (Chaqueño Serrano district) with clade A fungi (Leucocoprinus gongylophorus). While Acromyrmex crassispinus and A. heyeri included in the study exclusively cultivate L. gongylophorus from clade A fungi regardless of the region they inhabit. In addition, the first molecular identification of the fungus L. gongylophorus cultivated by Acromyrmex silvestrii is reported.

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          MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability

          We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.
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            MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.

            The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. Mega X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a uniform user experience across platforms. Mega X has additionally been upgraded to use multiple computing cores for many molecular evolutionary analyses. Mega X is available in two interfaces (graphical and command line) and can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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              jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                darwin
                Darwiniana, nueva serie
                Darwiniana, nueva serie
                Instituto de Botánica Darwinion & Museo Botánico de Córdoba (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                0011-6793
                1850-1699
                June 2021
                : 9
                : 1
                : 162-172
                Affiliations
                [1] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC) Argentina davidpelissero@ 123456mi.unc.edu.ar
                [2] Chubut orgnameUniversidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud Argentina
                [3] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología orgdiv2Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Argentina
                Article
                S0011-67932021000100162 S0011-6793(21)00900100162
                10.14522/darwiniana.2021.91.950
                c1b3f910-fee7-47a9-8de9-96c67793da0a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 June 2021
                : 15 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Córdoba,Acromyrmex,gen 5.8S,ITS1,ITS2,Leucocoprinus.
                Córdoba, Acromyrmex, gen 5.8S, ITS1, ITS2, Leucocoprinus.

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