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      Advances in nanoparticle development for improved therapeutics delivery: nanoscale topographical aspect

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          Abstract

          Nanoparticle-based therapeutics delivery holds great promise for the treatment of intractable diseases. The high loading of drug molecules and their precise delivery to target sites are needed to gain optimal therapeutic functions of the nanoparticle delivery system. In this communication, we highlight, among other properties of nanoparticles (e.g. size, shape, surface chemistry, and degradation), the nanoscale topography, which has recently been shown to be an important parameter, ultimately determining drug loading, cell penetration, and body clearance. This nanotopographical aspect is considered to offer a new effective strategy to the development of nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery with enhanced therapeutic outcome.

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          Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: synthesis, biocompatibility and drug delivery.

          Fangqiong Tang, Linlin Li, Dong Chen (2012)
          In the past decade, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted more and more attention for their potential biomedical applications. With their tailored mesoporous structure and high surface area, MSNs as drug delivery systems (DDSs) show significant advantages over traditional drug nanocarriers. In this review, we overview the recent progress in the synthesis of MSNs for drug delivery applications. First, we provide an overview of synthesis strategies for fabricating ordered MSNs and hollow/rattle-type MSNs. Then, the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and biotranslocation of MSNs are discussed in relation to their chemophysical properties including particle size, surface properties, shape, and structure. The review also highlights the significant achievements in drug delivery using mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their multifunctional counterparts as drug carriers. In particular, the biological barriers for nano-based targeted cancer therapy and MSN-based targeting strategies are discussed. We conclude with our personal perspectives on the directions in which future work in this field might be focused. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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            The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder.

            Matthew J. Dalby, Nikolaj Gadegaard, Rahul S Tare … (2007)
            A key tenet of bone tissue engineering is the development of scaffold materials that can stimulate stem cell differentiation in the absence of chemical treatment to become osteoblasts without compromising material properties. At present, conventional implant materials fail owing to encapsulation by soft tissue, rather than direct bone bonding. Here, we demonstrate the use of nanoscale disorder to stimulate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to produce bone mineral in vitro, in the absence of osteogenic supplements. This approach has similar efficiency to that of cells cultured with osteogenic media. In addition, the current studies show that topographically treated MSCs have a distinct differentiation profile compared with those treated with osteogenic media, which has implications for cell therapies.
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              The effect of the shape of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on cellular uptake and cell function.

              Xinglu Huang, Xu S Teng, Dong Chen … (2010)
              The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and cells has been studied extensively, but the effect of particle shape on cell behavior has received little attention. Herein three different shaped monodisperse mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of similar particle diameter, chemical composition and surface charge but with different aspect ratios (ARs, 1, 2, 4) were specially designed. Then the effects of particle shape of these three different shaped particles on cellular uptake and behavior were studied. The results indicated that these different shaped particles were readily internalized in A375 human melanoma (A375) cells by nonspecific cellular uptake. Particles with larger ARs were taken up in larger amounts and had faster internalization rates. Likewise, it was also found that particles with larger ARs had a greater impact on different aspects of cellular function including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeleton formation, adhesion and migration. These results show that nanoparticles should no longer be viewed as simple carriers for biomedical applications, but can also play an active role in mediating biological effects. Therefore, our findings may provide useful information for the development of new strategies for the design of efficient drug delivery nanocarriers and therapeutic systems and provide insights into nanotoxicity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Tissue Eng
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Tissue Eng
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TEJ
                Journal ID (hwp): sptej
                Title: Journal of Tissue Engineering
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-7314
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 September 2019
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2019
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2041731419877528
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
                [2 ]Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
                [3 ]Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
                [4 ]UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
                [5 ]Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                [*]Hae-Won Kim, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea. Email: kimhw@ 123456dku.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-6100
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_2041731419877528
                DOI: 10.1177/2041731419877528
                PMC ID: 6749784
                PubMed ID: 31555432
                SO-VID: c1b68f2d-6e01-462f-8213-39c17f34480a
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 11 July 2019
                Date accepted : 31 August 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725;
                Award ID: 2018K1A4A3A01064257
                Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725;
                Award ID: 2018R1A2B3003446
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communications
                Custom metadata
                cover-date January-December 2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: therapeutics,nanoparticles,topography,delivery efficiency
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: therapeutics, nanoparticles, topography, delivery efficiency

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